Publications
Now showing items 1-80 of 1372
Antimicrobial compounds from natural sources
(2014)
The nature is a generous source of a number of compounds with potential application for the treatment of several diseases including the infectious diseases, which is of utmost concern for the modern medicine due to the ...
Antimicrobial peptides and Complement - Maximising the inflammatory response
(2015)
Antimicrobial peptides and complement are distinct components of the innate immune defence. While antimicrobial peptides, after cleavage of a preproprotein, have the ability to insert directly in non host membranes, ...
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Common Mechanisms
(2017)
Multiple relationships exist between antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence, and the spread of clones combining multiple antibiotic resistance and a high virulence level is an increasing problem. It was previously ...
Advances in Seed Biology
(2015)
The seed plays a fundamental role in plant reproduction as well as a key source of energy, nutrients and raw materials for developing and sustaining humanity. With an expanding and generally more affluent world population ...
Arm and Hand Movement: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective
(2015)
This Research Topic is devoted to arm and hand movement in health as well as in several disease conditions. It is a collection of several original research papers and reviews, clinical case studies, hypothesis and theory ...
ATP-gated P2X receptors in Health and Disease
(2015)
Extracellular ATP is currently recognized as one of the most widely distributed neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the peripheral and central nervous system. ATP-gated P2X receptors are expressed by neurons, glial ...
Bifidobacteria and Their Role in the Human Gut Microbiota
(2017)
The human intestine is home of an almost inconceivable large number of microorganisms. The human gut microbiota can therefore be pictured as an organ placed within a host organism. The human gut microbiome, which in total ...
Ca2+ Signaling and Heart Rhythm
(2016)
Ca2+ is a key second messenger in the intricate workings of the heart. In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ signaling controls or modulates electrophysiological function, excitation-contraction coupling, contractile function, energy ...
Ca2+ and Ca2+-interlocked Membrane Guanylate Cyclase Modulation
(2015)
The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but ...
CaMKII in Cardiac Health and Disease
(2014)
The calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are a broadly expressed family of calcium-sensitive intracellular kinases, which are responsible for transducing cytosolic calcium signals into phosphorylation-based ...
CD4+ T cell differentiation in infection: amendments to the Th1/Th2 axiom
(2015)
CD4+ T lymphocytes play an essential role in host defense against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. During infection, under the influence of intrinsic signals received through peptide-MHC/TCR interactions and ...
The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist
(2015)
Glutathione (GSH) has been described for a long time just as a defensive reagent against the action of toxic xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens), both directly and as a cofactor for GSH transferases. As a prototype ...
Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Systems
(2017)
Rivers, lakes and the ocean receive antibiotic resistance genes from human environments. The aquatic environments are a huge reservoir and exchange stage of antibiotic resistance genes.
Audiovisual Speech Recognition: Correspondence between Brain and Behavior
(2014)
Perceptual processes mediating recognition, including the recognition of objects and spoken words, is inherently multisensory. This is true in spite of the fact that sensory inputs are segregated in early stages of ...
Advances in Microalgae Biology and Sustainable Applications
(2016)
It has become more evident that many microalgae respond very differently than land plants to diverse stimuli. Therefore, we cannot reduce microalgae biology to what we have learned from land plants biology. However, we are ...
Advances in Modern Mental Chronometry
(2015)
Mental chronometry encompasses all aspects of time processing in the nervous system and constitutes a standard tool in many disciplines including theoretical and experimental psychology and human neuroscience. Mental ...
Advances in Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis
(2018)
Scarring of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments is a hallmark of progressive kidney disease. Renal fibrosis involves a complex interplay between kidney cells, leukocytes and fibroblasts in which transforming ...
Beyond the body? The Future of Embodied Cognition
(2016)
Embodied cognition represents one of most important research programs in contemporary cognitive science. Although there is a diversity of opinion concerning the nature of embodiment, the core idea is that cognitive processes ...
Beyond Reward: Insights from Love and Addiction
(2017)
It is an interesting topic to discuss addiction and love in the context of reward. In this e-book, we begin with an animal study of comparison between drug and natural reward. Then, some papers aim to understand the reward ...
Charged Particles in Oncology
(2018)
High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology. Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications ...
Anaerobic Digestion
(2018)
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a naturally-occurring biological process in soils, sediments, ruminants, and several other anoxic environments, that cycles carbon and other nutrients, and converts organic matter into a ...
Autism: The Movement Perspective
(2015)
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is portrayed as cognitive and social disorders. Undoubtedly, impairments in communication and restricted-repetitive behaviors that now define the disorders have a profound impact on social ...
Autism Spectrum Disorders: From genotypes to phenotypes
(2015)
This Research Topic covers the pathogenetic processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that underpin the translation of genetic vulnerability to clinically significant symptoms. Available research data in ASD suggests ...
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) - Searching for the Biological Basis for Behavioral Symptoms and New Therapeutic Targets
(2017)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently diagnosed based on a series of behavioral tests. The challenge for researchers is to try to uncover the biological basis for these typical behaviors in order to improve diagnosis ...
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developmental Trajectories, Neurobiological Basis, Treatment Update
(2017)
This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the ...
Assessing Prenatal and Neonatal Gonadal Steroid Exposure for Studies of Human Development: Methodological and Theoretical Challenges
(2015)
There is extensive evidence from animal models that gonadal steroids, produced in fetal and neonatal life, act on the developing organism to produce sex differences far beyond the reproductive system. That early gonadal ...
Assembly of the Photosystem II Membrane-Protein Complex of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
(2017)
Photosystem II is a 700-kDa membrane-protein super-complex responsible for the light-driven splitting of water in oxygenic photosynthesis. The photosystem is comprised of two 350-kDa complexes each made of 20 different ...
Bilateral Vestibulopathy - Current Knowledge and Future Directions to Improve its Diagnosis and Treatment
(2018)
Many patients with bilateral vestibulopathy experience chronic oscillopsia due to failure of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and gait instability due to failure of vestibulo-spinal reflexes. There are numerous potential ...
Bad Bugs in the XXIst Century: Resistance Mediated by Multi-Drug Efflux Pumps in Gram-Negative Bacteria
(2016)
The discovery of antibiotics represented a key milestone in the history of medicine. However, with the rise of these life-saving drugs came the awareness that bacteria deploy defence mechanisms to resist these antibiotics, ...
Bacterial Exotoxins: How bacteria fight the immune system
(2016)
The goal of this research topic was to gather current knowledge on the interaction of bacterial exotoxins and effector proteins with the host immune system. The following 16 research and review articles in this special ...
Cancer-associated defects in the DNA damage response: drivers for malignant transformation and potential therapeutic targets
(2016)
For this eBook, and the associated Research Topic in Frontiers in Genetics, entitled: ‘Cancer-associated defects in the DNA damage response: drivers for malignant transformation and potential therapeutic targets’ we have ...
Challenging the Functional Connectivity Disruption in Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Therapeutic Perspectives through Non-Invasive Neuromodulation and Cutting-Edge Technologies
(2018)
The neurorehabilitation field is increasingly focused on understanding how to efficiently revert the effects that acute (i.e., stroke or traumatic brain injury) or chronic (i.e., neurodegenerative diseases) insults play ...
Challenges to Mean-Based Analysis in Psychology: The Contrast Between Individual People and General Science
(2016)
In a recent paper we (Speelman & McGann, 2013) argued that psychology’s reliance on data analysis methods that are based on group averages has resulted in a science of group phenomena that may be misleading about the nature ...
Adverse Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy: Anything New to Improve Tolerance and Reduce Sequelae?
(2018)
Advances in anti-cancer chemotherapy over recent years have led to improved efficacy in curing or controlling many cancers. Some chemotherapy-related side-effects are well recognized and include: nausea, vomiting, bone ...
Are Rodent Models Fit for Investigation of Human Obesity and Related Diseases?
(2018)
Not only developed countries, but also most developing areas of the world, have experienced a surge in obesity prevalence over recent decades. Obesity complications are now among the leading causes of premature mortality, ...
At the doors of lexical access: The importance of the first 250 milliseconds in reading
(2014)
Correct word identification and processing is a prerequisite for accurate reading, and decades of psycholinguistic and neuroscientific research have shown that the magical moments of visual word recognition are short-lived ...
At Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Affective Neuroscience Approach to Understanding the Spectrum
(2016)
Neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental disorders constitute about 13% of the global burden of disease surpassing both cardiovascular disease and ...
At the Crossroads: Lessons and Challenges in Computational Social Science
(2016)
The interest of physicists in economic and social questions is not new: for over four decades, we have witnessed the emergence of what is called nowadays “sociophysics” and “econophysics”, vigorous and challenging areas ...
At The Top of the Interneuronal Pyramid - Calretinin Expressing Cortical Interneurons
(2016)
It is in general well appreciated that the cortical interneurons play various important roles in cortical neuronal networks both in normal and pathological states. Based on connectivity pattern, developmental, morphological ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(2015)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which was described since 1869 by Jean Martin Charcot, is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons ...
Cellular Mechanisms of Ototoxicity
(2018)
The auditory perception of sounds (environmental, vocal or music) is one of the 5 principal senses consciously monitored by our brains, and is crucial for many human endeavors as well as quality of life. Loss of optimal ...
Cellular and Phenotypic Plasticity in Cancer
(2015)
The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) is known to result in a phenotype change in cells from a proliferative state to a more invasive state. EMT has been reported to drive the metastatic spread of various ...
Advances in Genomics and Epigenomics of Social Insects
(2017)
Social insects are among the most successful and ecologically important animals on earth. The lifestyle of these insects has fascinated humans since prehistoric times. These species evolved a caste of workers that in most ...
Animal allergens: Common protein characteristics featuring their allergenicity
(2015)
Among the many molecules present in our environment, some have the property to induce allergic sensitization and IgE-mediated reactions. The analysis of known major animal allergens has shown that most belong to single ...
Animal model studies on viral infections
(2015)
Understanding viral replication and pathogenicity properties in infected individuals is a major mission of animal virology. Animal models are essential to analyze the in vivo viral characteristics and to develop countermeasures ...
Antibody Repertoire and Graft Outcome Following Solid Organ Transplantation
(2017)
The first real major breakthrough that laid the basis of HLA antibody detection in the field of solid organ transplantation, came with the introduction of the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) test in 1964 by Terasaki ...
Antifungal Drug Discovery: New Theories and New Therapies
(2016)
Fungal infections such as candidoses can range from superficial mucous membrane infection to life-threatening systemic mycoses. Candida infections are a significant clinical problem globally due to rapid rise in compromised ...
Antibody Fc Engineering: Towards Better Therapeutics
(2018)
Monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins used clinically are Fc-based therapeutics that grow fastest in the pharmaceutical industry. Since they both contain an Fc fragment, engineering of Fc fragments could be a platform ...
Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy. Volume III: From Clinical Applications to Ethical Issues and Futuristic Ideas
(2018)
The final volume in this tripartite series on Brain Augmentation is entitled “From Clinical Applications to Ethical Issues and Futuristic Ideas”. Many of the articles within this volume deal with translational efforts ...
Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy. Volume II: Neurostimulation and Pharmacological Approaches
(2018)
The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical ...
Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy. Volume I: Brain-Machine Interfaces
(2018)
Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by ...
Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammation-Associated Preterm Birth
(2016)
After decades of intensive research and over 10,000 publications, preterm birth remains a major global obstetric healthcare problem. Each year, early birth is responsible for the deaths of more than one million infants ...
Advances in Systems Immunology and Cancer
(2014)
Aims and Scope: The Research Topic is designed to feature the latest innovative and leading-edge research, reviews and opinions on the study of complex and dynamic processes related to the mammalian immune system and cancer. ...
Arrest chemokines
(2015)
Arrest chemokines are a small group of chemokines that promote leukocyte arrest from rolling by triggering rapid integrin activation. Arrest chemokines have been described for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, naïve ...
Astrocytic-neuronal-astrocytic Pathway Selection for Formation and Degradation of Glutamate/GABA
(2014)
Endocrinological research early recognized the importance of intercellular interactions and realized the importance of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. In turn this signalling depends on elaborate interactions between ...
Attention, predictions and expectations and their violation: attentional control in the human brain
(2015)
In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is ...
Attachment Assessment in treatments, prevention and intervention programs
(2015)
Attachment theory, assessment and research offers a broad, far-reaching view of human functioning, and it can enrich a psychologist's understanding of subjects and their relational adjustment, both in clinical and non-clinical ...
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division and Shape
(2016)
Bacterial Physiology was inaugurated as a discipline by the seminal research of Maaløe, Schaechter and Kjeldgaard published in 1958. Their work clarified the relationship between cell composition and growth rate and led ...
Bacterial pathogens in the non-clinical environment
(2015)
The transmission route used by many bacterial pathogens of clinical importance includes a step outside the host; thereafter refer to as the non-clinical environment (NCE). Obvious examples include foodborne and waterborne ...
Beyond the borders: The gates and fences of Neuroimmune interaction
(2014)
Neuroimmunology is a rapidly growing emerging field at which two old sciences have converged to integrate two different types of responses into a single coherent response involving the coordinated action of both systems, ...
Beyond the simple contrastive analysis: Appropriate experimental approaches for unraveling the neural basis of conscious experience
(2015)
Contrasting conditions with and without conscious experience has served consciousness research well. However, research based on this simple contrast has led to controversies about the neural basis of conscious experience. ...
Beyond the Iron Age: The ecological relevance of bioactive trace metals other than Fe and organic growth factors in aquatic systems
(2015)
In the last three decades, research has extensively focused on the role of Fe and other mineral nutrients in regulating biological processes, ranging from the surface to the deep ocean. This has produced major breakthroughs ...
Beyond the conventional Renin Angiotensin System
(2014)
It is well known that the activation of the circulating renin angiotensin system is involved in cardiovascular pathology including hypertension, heart failure and is responsible for important organic changes induced by ...
Agrobacterium biology and its application to transgenic plant production
(2015)
The broad host range pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been widely studied as a model system to understand horizontal gene flow, secretion of effector proteins into host cells, and plant-pathogen interactions. ...
Can't Get You Out of My Head: Brain-Body Interactions in Perseverative Cognition
(2018)
Perseverative cognition is defined as the repetitive or sustained activation of cognitive representations of past stressful events or feared events in the future and even at non-clinical levels it causes a “fight-or-flight” ...
Carbohydrates: The yet to be tasted sweet spot of immunity
(2015)
Carbohydrates are extremely abundant bio-molecules; they are on all mammalian cell surfaces as well as on bacterial cell surfaces. In mammals most secreted proteins are glycosylated, with the glycan component comprising a ...
Cell Signaling in Host-Pathogen Interactions: The Host Point of View
(2018)
The ability of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses to invade, persist and adapt in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts is multifactorial and depends on both pathogen and host fitness. Communication ...
Cell Fate
(2016)
The fundamental question of how an undifferentiated progenitor cell adopts a more specialized cell fate that then contributes to the development of specialized tissues, organs, organ systems and ultimately a unique individual ...
Cell Stress, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Cancer
(2018)
The present eBook presents one review, five mini-reviews, and an opinion article on the achievements and perspectives of studies on important aspects of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming whose mechanisms and regulation ...
Apoptotic Cell Clearance in Health and Disease
(2018)
Clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for proper development, homeostasis and termination of immune responses in multicellular organisms. Thus, cellular and molecular players taking part in the sequential events of ...
Application of Antigen Cross-Presentation Research into Patient Care
(2017)
The activation of adaptive immune responses requires the processing and presentation of protein antigens to lymphocytes. Especially dendritic cells are effective at display of antigen-derived peptides in the form of ...
Advances in Plastid Biology and Its Applications
(2016)
One of the distinguishing features of plants is the presence of membrane-bound organelles called plastids. Starting from proplastids (undifferentiated plastids) they readily develop into specialised types, which are involved ...
Advances in Plant-Hemipteran Interactions
(2017)
Hemipterans encompass a large group of insect pests of plants that utilize mouthparts which are modified for piercing and consuming fluids from plants. In addition, hemipterans vector viral and bacterial diseases of plants. ...
Artificial Neural Networks as Models of Neural Information Processing
(2018)
Modern neural networks gave rise to major breakthroughs in several research areas. In neuroscience, we are witnessing a reappraisal of neural network theory and its relevance for understanding information processing in ...
Associations between Reading and Mathematics: Genetic, Brain Imaging, Cognitive and Educational Perspectives
(2017)
Converging evidence demonstrates a strong link between reading and mathematics: multiple cognitive processes are shared between reading and mathematics, including the representation and retrieval of symbolic information, ...
The Association of Other Autoimmune Diseases in Patients With Thyroid Autoimmunity
(2018)
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorders resulting from an immune dysregulation leading to a thyroid immune attack (Antonelli and Benvenga). Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s ...
Cancer Nanotheranostics: What Have We Learned So Far?
(2016)
After a quarter of century of rapid technological advances, research has revealed the complexity of cancer, a disease intimately related to the dynamic transformation of the genome. However, the full understanding of the ...
Cancer Metabolism: Molecular Targeting and Implications for Therapy
(2017)
Development of an effective anticancer therapeutic necessitates the selection of cancer-related or cancer-specific pathways or molecules that are sensitive to intervention. Several such critical yet sensitive molecular ...
Cancer Immunotherapy & Immuno-monitoring: Mechanism, Treatment, Diagnosis, and Emerging Tools
(2014)
In the past decade, significant progresses have taken place in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-targeting immunotherapies are being developed for most human cancers, including melanoma, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, ...