Publications
Now showing items 721-800 of 1372
Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences
(2017)
An increasing population faces the growing demand for agricultural products and accurate global climate models that account for individual plant morphologies to predict favorable human habitat. Both demands are rooted in ...
Morphologically complex words in the mind/brain
(2016)
The question of how morphologically complex words (assign-ment, listen-ed) are represented and processed in the brain has been one of the most hotly debated topics in the cognitive neuroscience of language. Do complex words ...
Muscle-Tendon-Innervation Unit: Degeneration and Aging - Pathophysiological and Regeneration Mechanisms
(2017)
Aging is characterized by progressive deterioration of walking ability. This function loss has multiple causes including central and peripheral nerve dysfunction, loss of muscle mass and strength, as well as joints and ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Clinical Manifestations, Microbiology, and Immunology
(2017)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a major human pathogen that causes both upper and lower respiratory infections, and is one of the leading causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for 11–15% of CAP throughout ...
Mycorrhiza in Tropical and Neotropical Ecosystems
(2018)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi that plays a major role in ecosystem function and diversification, as well as its stability and productivity. It also plays a key role in the ...
The naïve language expert: How infants discover units and regularities in speech
(2015)
The advent of behavior-independent measures of cognition and major progress in experimental designs have led to substantial advances in the investigation of infant language learning mechanisms. Research in the last two ...
Models and Estimation of Genetic Effects
(2015)
Ronald Fisher needed to develop elaborate models of genetic effects in order to set the foundations of Quantitative Genetics in his 1918 paper “The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance”. ...
Models of Reference
(2017)
To communicate, speakers need to make it clear what they are talking about. Referring expressions play a crucial part in achieving this, by anchoring utterances to things. Examples of referring expressions include noun ...
Molecular Function and Regulation of Non-coding RNAs in Multifactorial Diseases
(2016)
Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of multifactorial diseases such as diabetes, autism, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer has been greatly advanced. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), generally including ...
The Natriuretic Hormones
(2015)
The title follows from the original demonstration by Dr. Hugh de Wardener in 1961 that a humoral agent is produced after extracellular volume expansion which results in a vigorous diuresis and natriuresis. Thus the name ...
Ocular Motor and Vestibular Function in Neurometabolic, Neurogenetic, and Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2018)
Eye movements provide rich source of information about brain functioning for neurologists and neuroscientists. They provide diagnostic clues, define, and localize motor and cognitive disorders. Objective eye movement ...
On the Origin and Function of Human NK-like CD8+ T Cells: Charting New Territories
(2018)
Human CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors and receptors found on innate immune cells, and designated as NK-like or innate CD8+ T cells, have been long considered as terminally differentiated lymphocytes responsible for ...
Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2016)
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain's function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no ...
Neuronal mechanisms of epileptogenesis
(2015)
Several types of brain injuries are causes of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The seizure-free "latent period" that often follows the brain injury is of unknown mechanistic significance but is commonly considered ...
Neuronal Stochastic Variability: Influences on Spiking Dynamics and Network Activity
(2016)
Stochastic fluctuations are intrinsic to and unavoidable at every stage of neural dynamics. For example, ion channels undergo random conformational changes, neurotransmitter release at synapses is discrete and probabilistic, ...
Neuronal Polarity: Establishment and Maintenance
(2018)
The term polarity in a biological context is used to describe an asymmetry in morphology and distribution of molecules. In neurons, their complex shape with typically one axon and several dendrites reflects this asymmetry. ...
Neurophysiology in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia
(2016)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia are the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Since the number of individuals with AD and dementia is expected to increase considerably in the near future, reliable treatment and ...
Neuropeptides and Behaviour: From Motivation to Psychopathology
(2017)
The discovery of the involvement of neuropeptides with behaviours other than regulatory motivated ones took place in the midst of 1960’s with David de Wied’s first report on the influence of pituitary peptides on memory. ...
Neuropeptide GPCRs in Neuroendocrinology
(2014)
The human genome encompasses ~ 860 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including 374 non-chemosensory GPCRs. Half of these latter GPCRs recognize (neuro)peptides as natural ligands. GPCRs thus play a pivotal role in ...
Mental Imagery in Clinical Disorders
(2017)
Mental imagery refers to the mental simulation or recreation of perceptual experience across different sensory modalities. The exploration of mental imagery represents a new and important area within clinical psychology, ...
Microbial Ecology of Arid Terrestrial Systems
(2016)
Water is usually referred to as the ‘Molecule of Life’. It constitutes the most abundant molecule in living (micro)organisms and is also essential for critical biochemical reactions, both for the global functioning and ...
Microbial Connections Between the Subsurface Sulfur Cycle and Other Elemental Cycles
(2018)
Sulfur has many redox states and is a major metabolite in suboxic and anaerobic environments including, but not restricted to, marine and marginal marine sediments, the water column of oxygen minimum zones, salt marshes ...
Microbial Exopolysaccharides: From Genes to Applications
(2016)
Microbial polysaccharides represent an attractive alternative to those from plants or macro algae. They can be produced from renewable sources including lignocellulosic waste streams. Their production does not depend on ...
Microbial Ecology in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
(2018)
The microbial community in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is dominated by unicellular microorganisms less than a few micrometers in size. Despite the persistent low nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton ...
Microbial Exopolymers: Sources, Chemico-Physiological Properties, and Ecosystem Effects in the Marine Environment
(2018)
Microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in marine environments secrete a diverse array of exopolymeric substances that facilitate attachment to surfaces, the formation of organic colloids and larger aggregations ...
Microbial Food Safety Along The Dairy Chain
(2017)
The dairy chain is an integral part of global food supply, with dairy food products a staple component of recommended healthy diets. The dairy food chain from production through to the consumer is complex, with various ...
Microbial mechanisms of tolerance to weak acids: an overview
(2014)
Carboxylic acids are ubiquitous molecules found in microbial metabolic pathways and that have been explored for a wide array of applications including food preservation (e.g., acetic, propionic, benzoic, and sorbic acids), ...
Music and Disorders of Consciousness: Emerging Research, Practice and Theory
(2017)
Music processing in severely brain-injured patients with disorders of consciousness has been an emergent field of interest for over 30 years, spanning the disciplines of neuroscience, medicine, the arts and humanities. ...
Myelin-Mediated Inhibition of Axonal Regeneration: Past, Present, and Future
(2017)
Pioneering studies conducted in the 1980’s laid the foundation for the hypothesis that axonal regeneration is limited by CNS myelin, and the identification of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), Nogo, and oligodendrocyte ...
Myofilament Function in Health and Disease
(2017)
The present E-book, consisting of a compilation of original articles and reviews, presents how myofilaments are regulated in cardiac and skeletal muscles and trigger contraction. Additionally, this E-book gives insights ...
Modulating Prokaryotic Lifestyle by DNA-Binding Proteins
(2017)
The Overview of the Topic was the following: “One of the most active areas of research in molecular microbiology has been the study of how bacteria modulate their genetic activity and its consequences. The prokaryotic world ...
Modularity in motor control: from muscle synergies to cognitive action representation
(2016)
Mastering a rich repertoire of motor behaviors, as humans and other animals do, is a surprising and still poorly understood outcome of evolution, development, and learning. Many degrees-of-freedom, non-linear dynamics, and ...
Modulators of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis for the control of spermatogenesis and sperm quality in vertebrates
(2014)
Spermatogenesis is a process highly conserved throughout vertebrate species and is mainly under hypothalamic-pituitary control. It occurs in the testis in a stepwise fashion so that committed spermatogonia develop into ...
Natural Killer Cells in Human Diseases: Friends or Foes?
(2018)
NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that share some features with adaptive immune cells like T cells. They are well known for their importance to control viral infections and tumor development, but also ...
The Neuronal Functions of EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding Proteins 2nd Edition
(2016)
Ca2+ signaling in neurons is characterized by highly restricted and dynamic gradients called Ca2+ waves, spikes, transients and puffs depending upon their corresponding spatial and temporal features. Based on this strict ...
Neuromodulation of Executive Circuits
(2016)
High-order executive tasks involve the interplay between frontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical brain regions. In particular, the frontal cortex, striatum and thalamus interact via parallel fronto-striatal "loops" ...
Neuronal Mechanics and Transport
(2016)
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided ...
Neuronal and Psychological Underpinnings of Pathological Gambling
(2014)
Like in the case of drugs, gambling hijacks reward circuits in a brain which is not prepared to receive such intense stimulation. Dopamine is normally released in response to reward and uncertainty in order to allow animals ...
Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications
(2015)
Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such ...
Neuronal and glial structural plasticity induced by drugs of abuse
(2015)
Drugs of abuse induce a host of alterations in brain structure and function, ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in discrete brain regions. ...
Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes
(2018)
The Frontiers Research Topic entitled "Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes" contains one editorial and 22 articles in the form of original work, narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. From ...
Mental Health Challenges in Elite Sport: Balancing Risk with Reward
(2018)
Elite sport typically provides obvious rewards in terms of recognition, finance and acclaim for athletic performance. Increasingly, we are becoming aware of the risks that elite athletes, their entourage, including families, ...
Microbial responses to environmental changes
(2016)
Advances in next generation sequencing technologies, omics, and bioinformatics are revealing a tremendous and unsuspected diversity of microbes, both at a compositional and functional level. Moreover, the expansion of ...
The Microbial Regulation of Global Biogeochemical Cycles
(2014)
Global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients are increasingly affected by human activities. So far, modeling has been central for our understanding of how this will affect ecosystem functioning and the biogeochemical ...
Microbial symbiosis of marine sessile hosts - Diversity and function
(2015)
Modern molecular -omics tools (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc.) have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity and function in the world’s oceans. These tools are now ...
Microbial Modulation of Host Apoptosis and Pyroptosis
(2014)
Infectious disease is the result of an interactive relationship between a microbial pathogen and its host. In this interaction both the host and the pathogen attempt to manipulate each other using a complex network to ...
Microbiology of the Rapidly Changing Polar Environments
(2018)
Marine and freshwater polar environments are characterized by intense physical forces and strong seasonal variations. The persistent cold and sometimes inhospitable conditions create unique ecosystems and habitats for ...
Microbial Role in the Carbon Cycle in Tropical Inland Aquatic Ecosystems
(2017)
Aquatic microorganisms are tidily related to the carbon cycle in aquatic systems, especially in respect to its accumulation and emission to atmosphere. In one hand, the autotrophs are responsible for the carbon input to ...
Microbiome Interplay and Control
(2018)
In complex systems, such as our body or a plant, the host is living together with thousands of microbes, which support the entire system in function and health. The stability of a microbiome is influenced by environmental ...
The microbial nitrogen cycle
(2015)
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, and one that often limits production in both aquatic and terrestrial systems. Due to its requirement in biological macromolecules, its acquisition and cycling have ...
Multi-omic Data Integration
(2015)
Stable, predictive biomarkers and interpretable disease signatures are seen as a significant step towards personalized medicine. In this perspective, integration of multi-omic data coming from genomics, transcriptomics, ...
Mitochondria: Hubs of Cellular Signaling, Energetics and Redox Balance
(2017)
Poised at the convergence of most catabolic and anabolic pathways, mitochondria are the center of heterotrophic aerobic life, representing a hub in the overall metabolic network of cells. The energetic functions performed ...
Mitochondria in Skeletal Muscle Health, Aging and Diseases
(2017)
Skeletal muscle is the most abudant tissue of the human body, making up to 40 to 50% of the human body mass. While the importance of optimal muscle function is well recognized in the athletic field, its significance for ...
Modeling Disease Spread and Control
(2018)
Mathematical models are useful tools to understand the epidemiology and agent-host interaction of diseases. They are developed and applied since over a century, but with increasing computer capacity, they become increasingly ...
Neonatal and Pediatric Cerebro-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(2018)
Pediatric resuscitation medicine has witnessed significant advances with improved understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Multiple mechanisms of neurological injury have been identified, ...
The Neonatal Immune System: A Unique Host-Microbial Interface
(2018)
Emerging from the protective environment of the uterus, the newborn is exposed to a myriad of microbes, and quickly establishes a complex microbiome that shapes the infant’s biology in ways that are only now beginning to ...
Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients
(2017)
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) - characterized by heavy glomerular protein loss (proteinuria), edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia - has diverse causes and frequently leads to chronic kidney disease. This E-book encompasses ...
Nutrition and prevention of Alzheimer's disease
(2015)
Altered metabolism is known to be associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Diabetes type 2, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for the development of dementias, including AD. ...
Olfactory memory networks: from emotional learning to social behaviors
(2015)
Odors are powerful stimuli that can evoke emotional states, and support learning and memory. Decades of research have indicated that the neural basis for this strong "odor-emotional memory" connection is due to the uniqueness ...
Olfactory Consciousness across Disciplines
(2015)
Our sense of smell pervasively influences our most common behaviors and daily experience, yet little is known about olfactory consciousness. Over the past decade and a half research in both the fields of Consciousness ...
Olfactory subsystems in mammals: morphology, genetic and evolution
(2015)
The nasal cavity and the elements it comprises are lined by mucosa. This mucosa contains olfactory sensory neurons, which are organized into four different territories: main olfactory epithelium, septal organ, vomeronasal ...
Neuroimmune Interface in Health and Diseases
(2017)
It is now well appreciated that the immune system, in addition to its traditional role in defending the organism against pathogens, communicate in a well-organized fashion with the brain to maintain homeostasis and regulate ...
Neurofeedback in ADHD
(2016)
EEG-based neurofeedback is used as a treatment approach in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a clinically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous child psychiatric disorder. There is increasing evidence for ...
Neuroinflammation and Behaviour
(2015)
The brain and immune system are involved in an intricate network of bidirectional communication. This relationship is vital for optimal physiological and psychological development and functioning but can also result in ...
Neuroglia Molecular Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders
(2019)
Neuropsychiatric disorders have long been considered as specific dysfunctions of neuronal functions. Studies of the recent decade, however, have challenged this simplistic view, highlighting the important role played by ...
Neurological and psychiatric disorders in endocrine diseases
(2015)
Neurological and psychiatric disorders can occur in endocrine diseases either in the setting of the clinical manifestations of the same (i.e., hyper- or hyposecretion of hormones or peptides from the endocrine glands) or ...
Neuroimaging and Neuropsychology of Meditation States
(2017)
Neurophysiological and psychological modifications induced by meditation practice have been consistently addressed by neuroscience. Training meditation practice induced plasticity (Barinaga, 2003; Knight, 2004), and as a ...
Metabolic Adaptation to Cell Growth and Proliferation in Normal and Pathological Conditions
(2018)
Proliferating cells must adapt their metabolism to fulfill the increased requirements for energy demands and biosynthetic intermediates. This adaptation is particularly relevant in cancer, where sustained rapid proliferation ...
MAPPING MAnagement and Processing of images for Population ImagiNG
(2017)
Several recent papers underline methodological points that limit the validity of published results in imaging studies in the life sciences and especially the neurosciences (Carp, 2012; Ingre, 2012; Button et al., 2013; ...
Mapping Psychopathology with fMRI and Effective Connectivity Analysis
(2017)
There is a growing appreciation that many psychiatric (and neurological) conditions can be understood as functional disconnection syndromes – as reflected in aberrant functional integration and synaptic connectivity. This ...
Mood and Cognition in Old Age
(2018)
Improving psychological well-being and cognitive health is now listed as the priority on the healthy aging agenda. Depression and cognitive impairment are great challenges for the elderly population. There have been numerous ...
A Multidisciplinary Look at Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Multi-Drug-Resistant Global Opportunistic Pathogen
(2017)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium found in water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. It is associated with a variety of infections in humans, involving respiratory tract (most common), soft ...
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Motor Learning and Sensorimotor Adaptation
(2015)
The plasticity of the living matter of our nervous system, in short, is the reason why we do a thing with difficulty the first time, but soon do it more and more easily, and finally, with sufficient practice, do it ...
Music, Brain, and Rehabilitation: Emerging Therapeutic Applications and Potential Neural Mechanisms
(2016)
Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we ...
Music and the Functions of the Brain: Arousal, Emotions, and Pleasure
(2018)
Music impinges upon the body and the brain. As such, it has significant inductive power which relies both on innate dispositions and acquired mechanisms and competencies. The processes are partly autonomous and partly ...
Mysteries of Type I IFN response: benefits versus detriments
(2015)
Successful containment of an infection is dependent on both innate and adaptive immune response. Cytokines are essential effectors of both of these systems. In particular, type I interferons (IFN-I) are important components ...
Molecular, Cellular and Model Organism Approaches for Understanding the Basis of Neurological Disease
(2017)
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence ...
Molecular Regulation and Therapeutic Potential of Thermogenic Fat Cells
(2016)
Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy ...
Nutritional influences on human neurocognitive functioning
(2014)
‘You are what you eat’. It’s a saying that we’ve all heard time and time again. The notion that good nutrition is essential for adequate growth and sound physical wellbeing is very well established. Further, in recent ...
The Neurobiology and Genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: New Avenues through Large-Scale Collaborative Projects
(2018)
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a common, albeit severely under-diagnosed, neuropsychiatric disorder that is caused by a complex genetic basis, interacting with environmental factors. High comorbidity rates with ...