Publications
Now showing items 1001-1100 of 1372
Psychological Issues in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(2016)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal and progressive disease, characterized by progressive muscles weakness, with consequent loss of physical capacities. Patients become relentlessly immobile and, in the late stages ...
Psychological Responses to Violations of Expectations: Perspectives and Answers from Diverse Fields of Psychology
(2018)
From Pavlov's dog expecting food when hearing a bell to stereotypes as expectations about other people’s behaviour, from Bandura’s self-efficacy as expectation for success and failure of one’s own behaviour to the "predictive ...
Post-Exercise Recovery: Fundamental and Interventional Physiology
(2016)
Physiological responses after maximal and submaximal exercise are routinely monitored in a plethora of diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, asthma, neuromuscular disorders), and normal populations (e.g. ...
Plants as alternative hosts for human and animal pathogens
(2015)
Many of the most prevalent and devastating human and animal pathogens have part of their lifecycle out-with the animal host. These pathogens have a remarkably wide capacity to adapt to a range of quite different environments: ...
Plants' Responses to Novel Environmental Pressures
(2018)
Plants have been exposed to multiple environmental stressors on long-term (seasonal) and short-term (daily) basis since their appearance on land. However, the frequency and the intensity of stress events have increased ...
Plants; Stress & Proteins
(2017)
Biotic and abiotic stress factors deliver a huge impact on plant life. Biotic stress factors such as damage through pathogens or herbivore attack, as well as abiotic stress factors like variation in temperature, rainfall ...
Probing auditory scene analysis
(2015)
In natural environments, the auditory system is typically confronted with a mixture of sounds originating from different sound sources. As sounds spread over time, the auditory system has to continuously decompose competing ...
Putting the "why" back into bone "archytecture"
(2016)
A large literature exists on trabecular and cortical bone morphology. The engineering performance of bone, implied from its 3d architecture, is often the endpoint of bone biology experiments, being clinically relevant to ...
Re-Enacting Sensorimotor Experience for Cognition
(2017)
Mastering the sensorimotor capabilities of our body is a skill that we acquire and refine over time, starting at the prenatal stages of development. This learning process is linked to brain development and is shaped by the ...
The Reasoning Brain: The Interplay between Cognitive Neuroscience and Theories of Reasoning
(2017)
Despite the centrality of rationality to our identity as a species (let alone the scientific endeavour), and the fact that it has been studied for several millennia, the present state of our knowledge of the mechanisms ...
Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis
(2018)
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the prime bacterial infection worldwide with 10.4 million infections and a death toll of 1.7 million people in 2016 according to WHO statistics. Tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium ...
Programming the HPA-axis by early life experience: Mechanisms of stress susceptibility and adaptation
(2015)
Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, ...
Prenatal Beginnings for Better Health
(2018)
Pregnancy has significant short- and long-term health impacts for mother and child, which may lead to pediatric- and adult-onset diseases. Understanding these gestational origins of disease and currently existing platforms ...
Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Approaches for the Investigation of Chemical Systems - Recent Developments and Advanced Applications
(2018)
The QM/MM method, short for quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical, is a highly versatile approach for the study of chemical phenomena, combining the accuracy of quantum chemistry to describe the region of interest with ...
Progenitor diversity and neural cell specification in the central nervous system
(2015)
The central nervous system continuously perceives, integrates, processes and generates information. These complex functions rely on the detailed elaboration of its cellular network and on the myriads of individual, highly ...
Proteomics of Microbial Human Pathogens
(2017)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 infectious diseases and related conditions account for more than 70% of premature deaths across 22 African countries and estimated 450 000 people worldwide developed ...
Protein Solubility and Aggregation in Bacteria
(2016)
Proteins suffer many conformational changes and interactions through their life, from their synthesis at ribosomes to their controlled degradation. Only folded and soluble proteins are functional. Thus, protein folding and ...
Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease
(2016)
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most abundant reversible post-translational modifications in eukaryotes. It is involved in virtually all cellular processes by regulating protein function, localization and stability ...
The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
(2016)
Plastids are plant cell-specific organelles of endosymbiotic origin that contain their own genome, the so-called plastome. Its proper expression is essential for faithful chloroplast biogenesis during seedling development ...
Protein Quality Controlling Systems in Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses
(2018)
Environmental stress factors negatively affect plant growth by inducing proteins dysfunction. As coping strategies, plant have developed a comprehensive protein quality controlling system (PQCS) to keep proteins homeostasis. ...
Plant Silicon Interactions between Organisms and the Implications for Ecosystems
(2017)
In this Frontiers topic, we explore how the functions and fates of plant silicon interact with other organisms and ecosystem processes. By bringing together new data from multiple disciplines and scales, we present a ...
Plant Single Cell Type Systems Biology
(2016)
The phenotype of a plant in response to a stress condition is the reflection of the molecular responses in different cell-types composing the plant. The multicellular complexity represents a challenge when accessing specific ...
Problem Gambling: Summarizing Research Findings and Defining New Horizons
(2018)
In 2003, Rachel A. Volberg wrote: “Why is it that gambling is not even on the radar when we consider the array of risks that adolescents must confront as they move towards adulthood?” Nowadays, after thirteen years, although ...
Python in Neuroscience
(2015)
Python is rapidly becoming the de facto standard language for systems integration. Python has a large user and developer-base external to theneuroscience community, and a vast module library that facilitates rapid and ...
Quantitative Biology: Dynamics of Living Systems
(2017)
With the emergence of Systems Biology, there is a greater realization that the whole behavior of a living system may not be simply described as the sum of its elements. To represent a living system using mathematical ...
Quantitative Assessment and Validation of Network Inference Methods in Bioinformatics
(2015)
Scientists today have access to an unprecedented arsenal of high-tech tools that can be used to thoroughly characterize biological systems of interest. High-throughput “omics” technologies enable to generate enormous ...
Quantitative Systems Biology for Engineering Organisms and Pathways
(2016)
Studying organisms as a whole for potential metabolic(ally) engineering of organisms for production of (bio)chemicals is essential for industrial biotechnology. To this end, integrative analysis of different –omics ...
Quantitative analysis of neuroanatomy
(2016)
The true revolution in the age of digital neuroanatomy is the ability to extensively quantify anatomical structures and thus investigate structure-function relationships in great detail. Large-scale projects were recently ...
Reading Faces and Bodies: Behavioral and Neural Processes Underlying the Understanding of,and Interaction with, Others
(2017)
The aim of this Research Topic was to offer an interdisciplinary forum for researchers interested in the interplay of face, eye gaze, and body perception in the understanding of others, with an emphasis on behavioural and ...
Reaching to Grasp Cognition: Analyzing Motor Behavior to Investigate Social Interactions
(2018)
How humans plan and execute their actions has always been a fascinating topic for neuroscience and psychology. In particular, kinematics studies have contributed to shed light on how very basic actions (e.g. reaching-grasping) ...
Proceedings of the International School on Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function - XII Workshop
(2018)
In the last thirty years, Magnetic Resonance has generated a wide revolution in biomedical research and in medical imaging in general. More recently, the "in vivo" studies of the human brain were extended by new ...
Progress in Ecological Stoichiometry
(2018)
Ecological stoichiometry concerns the way that the elemental composition of organisms shapes their ecology. It deals with the balance or imbalance of elemental ratios and how that affects organism growth, nutrient cycling, ...
Progress in Episodic Memory Research
(2016)
Episodic memory refers to the ability to remember personal experiences in terms of what happened and where and when it happened. Humans are also able to remember the specific perceptions, emotions and thoughts they had ...
The Psychology of Magic and the Magic of Psychology
(2016)
Magicians have dazzled audiences for many centuries; however, few researchers have studied how, let alone why, most tricks work. The psychology of magic is a nascent field of research that examines the underlying mechanisms ...
Psychomotor symptomatology in psychiatric illnesses
(2015)
Psychomotor symptoms are those symptoms that are characterized by deficits in the initiation, execution and monitoring of movements, such as psychomotor slowing, catatonia, neurological soft signs (NSS), reduction in motor ...
Refining Prevention: Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions
(2016)
Currently, most prevention efforts are framed as universal interventions. However, despite the demonstrated efficacy of many prevention programs, variability in response is the rule with some participants responding very ...
Plant Organ Abscission: From Models to Crops
(2017)
Plant organ abscission is a developmental process regulated by the environment, stress, pathogens and the physiological status of the plant. In particular, seed and fruit abscission play an important role in seed dispersion ...
The plant microbiome and its importance for plant and human health
(2015)
The study of plant-microbe associations by new techniques has significantly improved our understanding of the structure and specificity of the plant microbiome. Yet, microbiome function and the importance of the plant’s ...
Plant cell wall in pathogenesis, parasitism and symbiosis
(2015)
The cell wall is a complex structure mainly composed of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a cohesive hemicellulose and pectin matrix. Cell wall structural proteins, enzymes and their inhibitors are also essential components ...
Plant Phenotyping and Phenomics for Plant Breeding
(2018)
As a consequence of the global climate change, both the reduction on yield potential and the available surface area of cultivated species will compromise the production of food needed for a constant growing population. ...
Plant immunity against viruses
(2017)
Plant viruses impose a serious threat on agriculture, which motivates extensive breeding efforts for viral resistant crops and inspires lasting interests on basic research to understand the mechanisms underlying plant ...
Quality of Horticultural Crops: A Recurrent/New Challenge for Plant Scientists in a Changing World
(2018)
Besides increasing crop yield to feed the growing population, improving crop quality is a challenging and key issue. Indeed, quality determines consumer acceptability and increases the attractivity of fresh and processed ...
Quasars at All Cosmic Epochs
(2018)
The last 50 years have seen a tremendous progress in the research on quasars. From a time when quasars were unforeseen oddities, we have come to a view that considers quasars as active galactic nuclei, with nuclear activity ...
Psychosocial Job Dimensions and Distress/Well-Being: Issues and Challenges in Occupational Health Psychology
(2018)
Over the last three decades a large body of research has showed that psychosocial job dimensions such as time pressure, decision authority and social support, could have significant implications for psychological distress ...
Psychosocial Advances in Neuro-Oncology
(2016)
Neuro-oncology is a rapidly growing field concerned with scientific developments and clinical applications related to neuroscience, neuropsychology, cancer and oncology. Neuro-oncological disorders include cancers that ...
Reelin-Related Neurological Disorders and Animal Models
(2017)
The Reeler mutation was so named because of the alterations in gait that characterize homozygous mice. Several decades after the description of the Reeler phenotype, the mutated protein was discovered and named Reelin ...
Reduction of Environmental Distraction to Facilitate Cognitive Performance
(2015)
When faced with a difficult task, people often look at the sky or close their eyes. This behavior is functional: the reduction of distractions in the environment can improve performance on cognitive tasks, including memory ...
Reducing Oral Health Disparities: What Can We Learn from Social; Environmental and Cultural Factors?
(2017)
Oral health disparities are profound worldwide, and they affect the quality of life of individuals of all age groups. Disparities in oral health are seen in racial and ethnic minorities, at different socioeconomic levels ...
Principles Underlying Post-Stroke Recovery of Upper Extremity Sensorimotor Function - A Neuroimaging Perspective
(2016)
Neuroimaging post-stroke has the potential to uncover underlying principles of disturbed hand function and recovery characterizing defined patient groups, including their long term course as well as individual variations. ...
Principles of Hip Arthroscopy
(2017)
The field of arthroscopy, originating from Denmark in 1912, has rapidly evolved to diagnose and treat a wide range of musculoskeletal pathologies. Although around for sometime, arthroscopy in the field of orthopedics has ...
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Genetics of Aging and Longevity
(2016)
In this book, we present a collection of articles covering a wide range of current aging research and highlighting its prospects and future directions. These articles are based on or related to the topics of the 3rd ...
Proceedings of ICI Milan 2013
(2014)
This Research Topic covers all of the major lectures and symposia addresses delivered by invited speakers at the 2013 International Congress in Immunology (ICI) at Milan, Italy, August 22-27, 2013.
Pattern recognition receptors and cancer
(2015)
The group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) includes families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and AIM-2-like receptors (ALRs). ...
Radiation-induced and oxidative DNA damages
(2015)
DNA stores and passes the genetic information of almost all living organisms. Its molecular structure and their intramolecular interactions are particularly suitable to maximize stability against oxidative stress and ...
Producing and Analyzing Macro-Connectomes: Current State and Challenges
(2016)
Construction of comprehensive and detailed brain regions neuroanatomical connections matrices (macro-connectomes) is necessary to understand how the nervous system is organized and to elucidate how its different parts ...
Progress in Physical activity and Exercise and Affective and Anxiety Disorders: Translational Studies, Perspectives and Future Directions
(2015)
Physical activity and exercise were receiving a great attention as a strategy of prevention and treatment of affective and some anxiety disorders. Many studies have showed the efficacy of exercise in major depression and ...
Protective Immune Response to Dengue Virus Infection and Vaccines: perspectives from the field to the bench
(2015)
Dengue is the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease in humans. Half of the world population is at risk of infection, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ...
Protein Interaction Networks in Health and Disease
(2016)
The identification and mapping of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a major goal in systems biology. Experimental data are currently produced in large scale using a variety of high-throughput assays in yeast or mammalian ...
Protein engineering and other bio-synthetic routes for bio-based materials: Current uses and potential applications
(2015)
In the past 20 years protein engineering has been used for the production of proteins mostly for biological applications. The incorporation of artificial amino acids and chemical handles into proteins had made possible the ...
Psychoanalytical neuroscience: Exploring psychoanalytic concepts with neuroscientific methods
(2015)
Sigmund Freud was a trained neuroanatomist and wrote his first psychoanalytical theory in neuroscientific terms. Throughout his life, he maintained the belief that at some distant day in the future, all psychoanalytic ...
Redox Homeostasis Managers in Plants under Environmental Stresses
(2016)
The production of cellular oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inevitable con-sequence of redox cascades of aerobic metabolism in plants. This milieu is further aggravated by a myriad of adverse environmental ...
Redox and Metabolic Circuits in Cancer
(2018)
Living cells require a constant supply of energy for the orchestration of a variety of biological processes in fluctuating environmental conditions. In heterotrophic organisms, energy mainly derives from the oxidation of ...
Redox and Nitrosative Signaling in Cardiovascular System: From Physiological Response to Disease
(2019)
The role of ROS/RNS signaling in cardiovascular functions and diseases is increasingly emerging in the last decades. The involvement of ROS/RNS in the control of a large number of cardiovascular functions like the regulation ...
Redox Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Aging and Exercise
(2017)
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the human body and comprises about 40% of total body mass in humans. Even in people who ‘age well’, there is a noticeable loss of muscle strength and function that accelerates ...
Recent Advances in Symbiosis Research: Integrative Approaches
(2017)
Traditionally, symbiosis research has been undertaken by researchers working independently of one another and often focused on a few cases of bipartite host-symbiont interactions. New model systems are emerging that will ...
Recent Discoveries in Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology
(2015)
This collection represents certain discoveries that were made in evolutionary and genomic microbiology during the recent ten years. We attempted to shed light on topical issues of microbial evolution and microbiome biology. ...
Reproductive Neuroendocrinology and Social Behavior
(2016)
Anti-social behaviors and social deficits induced mental disorders are critical problems in our society today. Social behaviors and interactions are shaped by experience, hereditary components (genes, hormones and ...
Second Line Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical; Pathological and Molecular Aspects of Novel Promising Drugs
(2017)
Lung cancer still remains a challenging disease with a higher mortality rate in comparison to other cancers. The discovery of oncogene addicted tumours and targeted therapies responsive to these targets lead to a meaningful ...
Second hand smoke and COPD: lessons from animal studies
(2015)
Cigarette smoke exposure is the key initiator of chronic inflammation, alveolar destruction, and the loss of alveolar blood vessels that lead to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is ...
The Second Life of Natural Killer (NK) Cells
(2018)
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes, now recognized as members of a larger family of “Innate lymphoid cells” (ILCs). Both murine and human NK cells are well characterized effector cells with cytotoxic as well ...
Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust
(2017)
Igneous oceanic crust is one of the largest potential habitats for life on earth, and microbial activity supported by rock-water-microbe reactions in this environment can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, our ...
Recent Advances in Flowering Time Control
(2017)
The onset of flowering is an important step during the lifetime of a flowering plant. During the past two decades, there has been enormous progress in our understanding of how internal and external (environmental) cues ...
Recent Advances in Doppler Signal Processing and Modelling Techniques for Fetal Monitoring
(2018)
The guest editors of this eBook have accepted 10 very high-quality submissions for inclusion in a special issue of Frontiers in Physiology. The key difference between this eBook and contemporary fetal physiology related ...
Recent Investigations of Ergot Alkaloids Incorporated into Plant and/or Animal Systems
(2015)
Ergot alkaloids produced by fungi have a basic chemical structure but different chemical moieties at substituent sites result in various forms of alkaloids that are distinguishable from one another. Since the ergoline ring ...
Recent insights into perceptual and motor skill learning (The computational and neural substrates of skill learning)
(2015)
Improvements in task performance following practice can occur as a result of changes in distinct cognitive and neural processes. In some cases, we can improve our performance by selecting a more successful behavior that ...
Revisiting the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation for Cognition: Evidence, Challenges, and Open Questions
(2017)
The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to assemble a collection of papers from experts in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation that will discuss (1) the strength of the evidence regarding the potential of tDCS ...
The Role of Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Altered Calcium Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Current Developments in the Laboratory to Clinical Treatments
(2017)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive, devastating and fatal disease characterized by selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons of the cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord and muscle atrophy. ...
The Role of Physical Fitness on Cardiovascular Responses to Stress
(2015)
Cardiovascular responses to physical and/ or mental stressors has been a topic of great interest for some time. For example, significant changes of cardiovascular control and reactivity have been highlighted as important ...
The Role of Microbial Communities in Tropical Ecosystems
(2017)
Tropical ecosystems are different in important ways from those of temperate regions. They are a major reservoir of plant and animal biodiversity and play important roles in global climate regulation and biogeochemical ...
Regulatory RNAs in the Nervous System, 2nd Edition
(2018)
Until about a decade ago, the non-coding part of the genome was considered without function. RNA sequencing studies have shown, however, that a considerable part of the non-coding genome is transcribed and that these ...
Regulatory RNAs in the Nervous System
(2015)
Until about a decade ago, the non-coding part of the genome was considered without function. RNA sequencing studies have shown, however, that a considerable part of the non-coding genome is transcribed and that these ...
Regulatory potential of post-translational modifications in bacteria
(2015)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are widely employed by all living organisms to control the enzymatic activity, localization or stability of proteins on a much shorter time scale than the transcriptional control. ...
Remodeling of cardiac passive electrical properties and susceptibility to ventricular and atrial arrhythmias
(2015)
The effective management of cardiac arrhythmias, either of atrial or of ventricular origin, remains a major challenge. Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias remains the leading cause of death in ...
The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up
(2015)
Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with ...
Schizophrenia: A Consequence of Gene-Environment Interactions?
(2015)
Schizophrenia is a multi-factorial disease characterized by a high heritability and environmental risk factors (e.g. stress and cannabis use). In recent years, an increasing number of researchers worldwide have started ...
Secretion of Cytokines and Chemokines by Innate Immune Cells
(2015)
The release of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-modulating mediators released from innate immune cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and epithelial cells, is an ...
Recent advances in γδ T cell biology: New ligands, new functions, and new translational perspectives
(2016)
Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional ...
Recent Advances of Epigenetics in Crop Biotechnology
(2016)
Epigenetics is a new field that explains gene expression at the chromatin structure and organization level. Three principal epigenetic mechanisms are known and hundreds of combinations among them can develop different ...
Recent Advances in the Study of the Host-Fungus Interaction
(2017)
Fungal infections represent nowadays a significant burden on the healthcare system of most of the countries, and are among the infections with the highest mortality rates. This has fostered the study of the interaction of ...
Retroviruses, retroelements and their restrictions
(2015)
Human retroviruses, HIV and HTLV have been recognized as important pathogens because of their association with lethal diseases such as AIDS and ATL. Considerable resources and efforts have been directed at understanding ...
Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Targets
(2015)
Pancreatic Cancer has been and still is one of the deadliest types of human malignancies. The annual mortality rates almost equal incidence rates making this disease virtually universally fatal. The 5-year survival of ...
Role of Protein-Protein Interactions in Metabolism: Genetics, Structure, Function, 2nd Edition
(2018)
Genetic variations may change the structure and function of individual proteins as well as affect their interactions with other proteins and thereby impact metabolic processes dependent on protein-protein interactions. For ...
Role of Silicon in Plants
(2017)
Silicon (Si) is gaining increased attention in the farming sector because of its beneficial effects observed in several crop species, particularly under stress conditions. The magnitude of benefits is predominantly observed ...
Role of Protein-Protein Interactions in Metabolism: Genetics, Structure, Function
(2018)
Genetic variations may change the structure and function of individual proteins as well as affect their interactions with other proteins and thereby impact metabolic processes dependent on protein-protein interactions. For ...
The Role of Primary Motor Cortex as a Marker for and Modulator of Pain Control and Emotional-Affective Processing
(2017)
The sensory and motor cortical homunculi proposed by Walter Penfield were a major landmark for the anatomical mapping of the brain. More than 60 years after, the development of new tools to investigate brain function ...
The Role of Play in Child Assessment and Intervention
(2017)
Play is a ubiquitous and universal aspect of early childhood. Although it may take different forms throughout development and across cultures, decades of research have found play to be related to important, positive outcomes. ...
The regulation of angiogenesis by tissue cell-macrophage interactions
(2014)
Angiogenesis is the physiological process where new blood vessels grow from existing ones, in order to replenish tissues suffering from inadequate blood supply. Perhaps the most studied angiogenic process occurs in solid ...
Regulation and targeting of enzymes mediating Parkinson's disease pathogenesis: focus on Parkinson's disease Kinases, GTPases and ATPases
(2015)
Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a priority in biomedical research and a pre-requisite to improve early disease diagnosis and ultimately to developing disease-modifying strategies. ...
Regulation of Cell Fate Determination in Plants
(2014)
Plants are made up of a large number of distinct cell types that originate from a single fertilized egg cell. How the diversity of cell types arise in appropriate places is one of the most fascinating and attractive research ...
The regulated secretory pathway in neuroendocrine cells
(2014)
The regulated secretory pathway is a hallmark of neuroendocrine cells. This process comprises many sequential steps, which include ER-associated protein synthesis, post-translational modification of proteins in the Golgi ...