Publications
Now showing items 801-880 of 1372
Neurodegeneration: From Genetics to Molecules
(2016)
Chronic degenerative diseases are one of the major public health problems, particularly those affecting the nervous system. They are characterized by the degeneration of specific cell populations that include several ...
Neuroanatomy for the XXIst Century
(2016)
An explosion of new techniques with vastly improved visualization and sensitivity is leading a veritable revolution in modern neuroanatomy. Basic questions related to cell types, input localization, and connectivity are ...
The neurobiology of emotion-cognition interactions
(2015)
There is increasing interest in understanding the interplay of emotional and cognitive processes. The objective of the Research Topic was to provide an interdisciplinary survey of cutting-edge neuroscientific research on ...
Neuroanatomy of Human Brain Development
(2017)
The human brain is extraordinary complex and yet its origin is a simple tubular structure. Rapid and dramatic structural growth takes place during the fetal and perinatal period. By the time of birth, a repertoire of major ...
Neurobiological circuit function and computation of the serotonergic and related systems
(2015)
Serotonin is one of the oldest neurotransmitters in evolutionary terms, and the serotonergic system is complex and multifaceted. Serotonin-producing neurons in the raphe nuclei provide serotonin innervations throughout ...
Neuroendocrine mechanisms that connect feeding behavior and stress
(2015)
Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain ...
Mesothelial Physiology and Pathophysiology
(2018)
The mesothelium is composed by a single layer of mesothelial cells that vest the serosal cavities (pleural, peritoneal and pericardial) and internal organs of the body. The mesothelial cells have a mixed phenotype of ...
The Metaphorical Brain
(2016)
Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed ...
Metastable Dynamics of Neural Ensembles
(2018)
A classical view of neural computation is that it can be characterized in terms of convergence to attractor states or sequential transitions among states in a noisy background. After over three decades, is this still a ...
Microbiota of Grapes: Positive and Negative Role on Wine Quality
(2017)
During spontaneous food/beverage fermentations, the microbiota associated with the raw material has a considerable importance: this microbial consortium evolves in reason of the nutrient content and of the physical, chemical, ...
Microbiotechnology Based Surfactants and Their Applications
(2016)
Biosurfactants are structurally diverse group of bioactive molecules produced by a variety of microorganisms. They are secondary metabolites that accumulate at interfaces, reduce surface tension and form micellar aggregates. ...
Microenvironment-Derived Stem Cell Plasticity
(2017)
Plasticity is the hallmark of stem cells. At the same time, stem cells, like any other cell type, are influenced by their microenvironment and respond to it accordingly. A specific microenvironment is defined by a variety ...
Marine Biomolecules
(2015)
Oceans include the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature and light, and habitats can range from tropical waters to ocean trenches, several kilometers below sea level at high pressure. With its 70% of the surface of ...
Multisensory and sensorimotor interactions in speech perception
(2015)
Speech is multisensory since it is perceived through several senses. Audition is the most important one as speech is mostly heard. The role of vision has long been acknowledged since many articulatory gestures can be seen ...
Multisensory Perception And Action: Psychophysics, Neural Mechanisms, And Applications
(2015)
Our senses are not separated. Information received from one sensory modality may be linked with, or distorted by information provided from another modality, such as in the ventriloquism illusion and experiences of crossmodal ...
Multisensor Systems for Analysis of Liquids and Gases: Trends and Developments
(2019)
Nowadays the application of multisensor systems for the analysis of liquids and gases is becoming more and more popular in analytical chemistry. Such systems, also known as “electronic tongues” and “electronic noses” are ...
Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations
(2018)
Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple ...
Multisensory Integration in Action Control
(2014)
The integration of multisensory information is an essential mechanism in perception and in controlling actions. Research in multisensory integration is concerned with how the information from the different sensory modalities, ...
Multisensory Integration: Brain, Body and the World
(2016)
Behaviour, language, and reasoning are expressions of neural functions par excellence, as the brain must draw on sensory modalities to gather information on the rest of the body and on the outer world. Cortical areas ...
Multisensory Human-Food Interaction
(2018)
Our food experiences can be significantly influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic multisensory information. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and apply the principles that govern the systematic connections that ...
Mobile Genetic Elements in Cellular Differentiation, Genome Stability, and Cancer
(2018)
The human genome, as with the genome of most organisms, is comprised of various types of mobile genetic element derived repeats. Mobile genetic elements that mobilize by an RNA intermediate, include both autonomous and ...
Molecular Diagnostics in the Detection of Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2017)
Neurodegeneration is characterized by the progressive loss of neural tissue that result in various neurodegeneration-initiated cerebral failures and complex diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ...
Molecular Dynamics at the Immunological Synapse
(2017)
The immunological synapse (IS) is a specialised cell-cell adhesion that mediates antigen acquisition and regulates the activation of lymphocytes. Initial studies of the IS showed a structure composed of stable supra-molecular ...
Molecular Ecology and Genetic Diversity of the Roseobacter Clade
(2018)
Marine bacteria and archaea are key players in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and other elements. One important lineage of marine bacteria is the Roseobacter group. Members of this clade are the most ...
Neural Implementations of Expertise
(2015)
When we think about expertise, we usually consider people who master tasks at a level not reachable by most other people. Although we rarely realise it, however, most humans are experts in many aspects of everyday life. ...
Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics
(2015)
Application of optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, feeding, arousal and motivated behaviors has provided crucial insights into brain function. Expression of light ...
Neural information processing with dynamical synapses
(2014)
Experimental data have consistently revealed that the neuronal connection weight, which models the efficacy of the firing of a pre-synaptic neuron in modulating the state of a post-synaptic one, varies on short time scales, ...
Neural Circuitry of Behavioral Flexibility: Dopamine and Related Systems
(2016)
Decades of research have identified a role for dopamine neurotransmission in prefrontal cortical function and flexible cognition. Abnormal dopamine neurotransmission underlies many cases of cognitive dysfunction. New ...
Neural Computation in Embodied Closed-Loop Systems for the Generation of Complex Behavior: From Biology to Technology
(2018)
How can neural and morphological computations be effectively combined and realized in embodied closed-loop systems (e.g., robots) such that they can become more like living creatures in their level of performance? Understanding ...
Neural and Synaptic Defects in Autism Spectrum Disorders
(2015)
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired reciprocal social interactions and communication, and restricted and repetitive ...
Neural basis of social learning, social deciding, and other-regarding preferences
(2015)
Humans and many other social animals decide, or learn when necessary, what to do in a given social situation by assessing a range of variables related to social states (e.g., competitive or cooperative), others’ overt ...
Neural Circuits: Japan
(2015)
This Frontiers Research Topic on ‘Neural Circuits: Japan’ explores the diversity of neural circuit research occurring across Japan by innovative researchers using cutting-edge approaches. This issue has brought together ...
Neural Circuits Revealed
(2015)
Deciphering anatomical and functional maps in the nervous system is a main challenge for both clinical and basic neuroscience. Modern approaches to mark and manipulate neurons are bringing us closer than ever to better ...
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in functional research of prefrontal cortex
(2016)
This e-book includes the latest outcomes produced by a broad range of fNIRS research with activation of prefrontal cortex, from methodological one to clinical one, providing a forum for scientists planning functional studies ...
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Recent Advances in Infant Speech Perception and Language Acquisition Research
(2015)
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a novel and increasingly popular optical imaging technique that has revolutionarized brain research in the youngest developmental populations. After nearly a decade of technological ...
Oncolytic Viruses - Genetically Engineering the Future of Cancer Therapy
(2017)
The ability to genetically engineer oncolytic viruses in order to minimize side effects and improve the selective targeting of tumor cells has opened up novel opportunities for treating cancer. Understanding the mechanisms ...
Metal economy in host-microbe interactions
(2015)
From simple inorganic catalysts to vital biological cofactors, divalent transition metals are instrumental to electron transfers, catalysis and signaling. Their natural ability to bind, exchange and react with organic ...
Metal Biology Takes Flight: The Study of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification in Insects
(2018)
Metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are clearly required for proper metabolism and development, while imbalances can lead to systemic dysfunction and disease. As a result, organisms have evolved complex genetic ...
Methodological Quality of Interventions in Psychology
(2017)
Evaluations of intervention programs seek to present high-quality design, measures and data to assess their merit and worth. While evaluations differ in their purpose, theoretical framework and methodology, their collective ...
Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
(2017)
In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of diseases with the inflammatory component such as such as allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowl disease (IBD, which includes ulcerative ...
Motor Cortex Microcircuits (Frontiers in Brain Microcircuits Series)
(2015)
How does the motor cortex enable mammals to generate accurate, complex, and purposeful movements? A cubic millimeter of motor cortex contains roughly ~10^5 cells, an amazing ~4 Km of axons and ~0.4 Km of dendrites, somehow ...
Motor Skills and Their Foundational Role for Perceptual, Social, and Cognitive Development
(2017)
Motor skills are a vital part of healthy development and are featured prominently both in physical examinations and in parents’ baby diaries. It has been known for a long time that motor development is critical for children’s ...
Multidrug resistance in Cancer: Pharmacological Strategies from Basic Research to Clinical Issues
(2015)
More than 40 years ago, the observation that doxorubicin-resistant tumor cells were cross-resistant to several structurally different anticancer agents was the first step in the discovery of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp ...
Modeling Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision Making
(2017)
To deal with the abundant amount of information in the environment in order to achieve our goals, human beings adopt a strategy to accumulate some information and filter out other information to ultimately make decisions. ...
Modeling of Visual Cognition, Body Sense, Motor Control and Their Integrations
(2017)
The interdisciplinary studies between neuroscience and information science have greatly promoted the development of these two fields. The achievements of these studies can help humans understand the essence of biological ...
Modeling the Plankton - Enhancing the Integration of Biological Knowledge and Mechanistic Understanding
(2018)
In light of climate change and allied changes to marine ecosystems, mathematical models have become an important tool to examine processes and predict phenomena from local through to global scales. In recent years model ...
Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Associated with Fleshy Fruit Quality
(2017)
Fleshy Fruits are a late acquisition of plant evolution. In addition of protecting the seeds, these specialized organs unique to plants were developed to promote seed dispersal via the contribution of frugivorous animals. ...
Molecular Biology of the Transfer RNA Revisited
(2014)
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are one of the classical non-coding RNAs whose lengths are approximately 70–100 bases. The secondary structure of tRNAs can be represented as the cloverleaf with 4 stems, and the three dimensional ...
Molecular Biology of Bamboo mosaic Virus - A Type Member of the Potexvirus Genus
(2018)
The flexible filamentous plant viruses are responsible for more than half of all agricultural loss worldwide. Potexvirus is one of the two most important flexible filamentous plant viruses. Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a ...
Molecular and Cellular Plant Reproduction
(2017)
Plant reproduction is essential not only for producing offspring but also for increasing crop quality and yield. Moreover, plant reproduction entails complex growth and developmental processes, which provide a variety of ...
Molecular basis of fruit development
(2014)
The fruit is an important plant structure. Not only does it provide a suitable environment for seeds to develop and serve as a vehicle for seed disposal, but it is also an indispensable part of the human diet. Despite its ...
Molecular Chaperones and Neurodegeneration
(2017)
Molecular chaperones or heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play essential roles in safeguarding structural stability and preventing misfolding and aggregation of proteins, and maintaining the proteome functionality in the cell. ...
Monitoring endogenous GPCRs: lessons for drug design
(2015)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins forming the fourth largest superfamily in the human genome. Many of these receptors play key physiological roles and several pathologies have been associated ...
Monitoring Pathophysiology in the Injured Brain
(2018)
Pathophysiological processes in brain-injured patients can be assessed with an array of methods, with a goal to identify potentially deleterious events, guide treatments and avoid further deterioration. This eBook provides ...
Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception
(2017)
Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge ...
Neural processing of emotion in multimodal settings
(2015)
Our everyday life is characterized by a multitude of emotionally relevant cues that we perceive and communicate via various sensory channels. This does not only encompass the obvious cases of auditory and visual modalities, ...
Neural Masses and Fields: Modelling the Dynamics of Brain Activity
(2015)
Biophysical modelling of brain activity has a long and illustrious history and has recently profited from technological advances that furnish neuroimaging data at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Neuronal modelling ...
Neural Signal Estimation in the Human Brain
(2016)
The ultimate goal of functional brain imaging is to provide optimal estimates of the neural signals flowing through the long-range and local pathways mediating all behavioral performance and conscious experience. In ...
The Neural Underpinnings of Vicarious Experience
(2014)
Everyday we vicariously experience a range of states that we observe in other people: we may "feel" embarrassed when witnessing another making a social faux pas, or we may feel sadness when we see a loved one upset. In ...
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Movement-Based Embodied Contemplative Practices
(2016)
Relative to the extensive neuroscientific work on seated meditation practices, far less studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying movement-based contemplative practices such as yoga or tai chi. Movement-based ...
Neural Plasticity for Rich and Uncertain Robotic Information Streams
(2016)
Models of adaptation and neural plasticity are often demonstrated in robotic scenarios with heavily pre-processed and regulated information streams to provide learning algorithms with appropriate, well timed, and meaningful ...
Neuro-Development and Psychological Issues in Congenital Heart Defects
(2018)
The advances in the peri-operative management of congenital heart defects have substantially improved the survival of infants over the last few decades, reaching >95% survival in the reports of the international congenital ...
Obesity and Diabetes: Energy Regulation by Free Fatty Acid Receptors
(2016)
Food intake regulates energy balance and its dysregulation leads to metabolic disorder, such as obesity and diabetes. During feeding, free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutrients but also act as signaling ...
Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
(2014)
Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and this interface maintains a central homeostatic system, dysfunction of which can cause obesity-associated metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes, fatty ...
Neuroactive metabolites of ethanol: a behavioral and neurochemical synopsis
(2015)
Ethanol is a very elusive drug, which has mechanisms of action that are diverse and relatively non-selective. Moreover, ethanol has been demonstrated to be a biologically active substance by itself, but also a pro-drug of ...
Neuroanatomy and transgenic technologies
(2015)
Neuroanatomists increasingly rely on techniques enabling them to manipulate genes in defined brain cell populations. In particular, engineered transgenes, which encode a variety of fluorescent reporter proteins can be ...
New anti-infective strategies for treatment of tularemia
(2014)
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a paradigm among human pathogens. This Gram-negative bacterium has an intracellular lifestyle, which probably reflects an adaptation to its natural animal and ...
New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone
(2015)
Early in the 80’s date the first observations on the existence of hormonal steroids that may be synthesized and act in the nervous system. In order to refer to these endogenous steroids, proved important to control both ...
NK Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy
(2016)
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have a significant role in regulating the defenses against cancer development and certain viral infections. They are equipped with an array of activating and inhibitory ...
NLR-protein functions in immunity
(2015)
The Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of proteins are evolutionary conserved molecules that in plants and mammals have been implicated in innate immune sensing of microbes and infection-associated physiological changes, ...
NK Cell Subsets in Health and Disease: New Developments
(2017)
Natural Killer (NK) cells were discovered ca 1975, as the first group of lymphoid cells that were neither T cells nor B cells. Since then, the dissection of the biology of NK cells has been growing exponentially with many ...
Nuclear Thermal Hydraulic and Two-Phase Flow
(2018)
Nuclear energy is one of the most important clear energy and contributes more than 10% electric power to human society in the past decades of years. The nuclear thermal hydraulic and two-phase flow is one of the basic ...
A Matter of Bottom-Up or Top-Down Processes: The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration
(2017)
The integration of information from various sensory modalities influences behaviour. It can induce behavioural benefits such as faster reaction times and enhanced detection of noisy signals but may also produce illusions, ...
Performance of Innovative Controlled Buildings Under Resonant and Critical Earthquake Ground Motions
(2018)
This eBook is the fourth in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes six original research papers which ...
Phage Therapy: Past; Present and Future
(2017)
Historically, the first observation of a transmissible lytic agent that is specifically active against a bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) was by a Russian microbiologist Nikolay Gamaleya in 1898. At that time, however, it ...
Organogenesis From Development to Disease
(2017)
During embryonic development there are many processes that must take place to produce a viable and healthy fetus. Alterations in the cellular and/or molecular interactions within any particular organ can cause catastrophic ...
Oscillatory "Temporal Sampling" and Developmental Dyslexia: Towards an Over-Arching Theoretical Framework
(2015)
Children with developmental dyslexia fail to acquire efficient reading and spelling skills despite adequate tuition and an absence of overt sensory and/ or neural deficits. Learning to read and spell requires linguistic ...
Oxytocin's routes in social behavior: Into the 21st century
(2015)
Our brain is endowed with an incredible capacity to be social, to trust, to cooperate, to be altruistic, to feel empathy and love. Nevertheless, the biological underpinnings of such behaviors remain partially hardwired. ...
P-type ATPases in Health and Disease
(2019)
P-type ATPases are a large group of evolutionary related ion and lipid pumps that have in common that they catalyze a transient phosphorylated intermediate at a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump in order to ...
Papers of the Conference on Genetics of Aging and Longevity 2012
(2014)
The 2nd International Conference "Genetics of aging and longevity" took place 22-25 April, 2012 in the main building of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Top gerontologists and geneticists from 25 countries ...