Publications
Now showing items 661-720 of 1372
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
(2015)
Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance, which is ...
Management of Fusarium Species and their Mycotoxins in Cereal Food and Feed
(2017)
Health and safety of food and feed are the most important criteria for their quality. The quality of feed is in turn important for animal health, the environment and for the safety of food from animal origin. Fungi belonging ...
Language Development in the Digital Age
(2017)
The digital age is changing our children’s lives and childhood dramatically. New technologies transform the way people interact with each other, the way stories are shared and distributed, and the way reality is presented ...
Language beyond Words: The Neuroscience of Accent
(2017)
Language learning also implies the acquisition of a set of phonetic rules and prosodic contours which define the accent in that language. While often considered as merely accessory, accent is an essential component of ...
Language and Cognition
(2015)
Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking ...
Language by mouth and by hand
(2015)
While most natural languages rely on speech, humans can spontaneously generate comparable linguistic systems that utilize manual gestures. This collection of papers examines the interaction between natural language and its ...
Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Scenarios
(2015)
This topic aims to pool the most recent advances in the phenomenology and pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The papers in this eBook have strongly contributed to reduce the gaps in our knowledge of LIDs ...
Mechanical Signaling in Plants: From Perception to Consequences for Growth and Morphogenesis (Thigmomorphogenesis) and Ecological Significance
(2017)
During the 1970s, renewed interest in plant mechanical signaling led to the discovery that plants subjected to mechanical stimulation develop shorter and thicker axes than undisturbed plants, a syndrome called thigmomorphogenesis. ...
Mechanical Loading and Bone
(2016)
This research topic is focused on recent advances in our understanding of effects of mechanical loading on the skeleton, and research methods used in addressing these. Though it is well established that mechanical loading ...
Learned Brain Self-Regulation for Emotional Processing and Attentional Modulation: From Theory to Clinical Applications
(2016)
Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive ...
Learning in Social Context: The Nature and Profit of Living in Groups for Development
(2017)
One of the distinctive features of humans is their unique sociality. Humans live in organized societies that are characterized by a high level of interdependence of group members in various aspects of life, ranging from ...
Learning a non-native language in a naturalistic environment: Insights from behavioural and neuroimaging research
(2015)
It is largely accepted in the relevant literature that successful learning of one or more non-native languages is affected by a number of factors that are independent of the target language(s) per se; these factors include ...
M1/M2 Macrophages: The Arginine Fork in the Road to Health and Disease
(2015)
Macrophages have unique and diverse functions necessary for survival. And, in humans (and other species), they are the most abundant leukocytes in tissues. The Innate functions of macrophages that are best known are their ...
Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use: Evidence from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Models
(2018)
The purpose of this collection is to provide a forum to integrate pre-clinical and clinical investigations regarding the long-term consequences of adolescent exposure to drugs of abuse. Adolescence is characterized by ...
Lymphocytes in MS and EAE: More than just a CD4+ World
(2017)
Multiple sclerosis is degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which myelin destruction and axon loss leads to the accumulation of physical, cognitive, and mental deficits. MS affects more than a million ...
Lyme Disease: Recent Advances and Perspectives
(2015)
The interplay between host and pathogen is a complex co-evolutionary battle of surveillance and evasion. The pathogen continuously develops mechanisms to subvert the immune response in order to establish infection while ...
The Major Discoveries of Cajal and His Disciples: Consolidated Milestones for the Neuroscience of the XXIst Century
(2017)
When Santiago Ramón y Cajal started to unravel the fine structure of the nervous system in the last decades of the XIXth century maybe only his unbeatable soul of brave Spaniard imagined that most of the descriptions were ...
Multiple Identities Management
(2018)
In this ebook, a collection of 18 papers presents empirical research, as well as novel theoretical considerations, on how multiple identities are being managed by the individuals holding them. The papers draw on theories ...
The multiple roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature
(2015)
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance have most commonly been viewed in the context of human use and effects. However, both have co-existed in nature for millennia. Recently the roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance ...
Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of Organelle Interactions and Cooperation
(2017)
Eukaryotic cells contain distinct membrane-bound organelles, which compartmentalise cellular proteins to fulfil a variety of vital functions. Many organelles have long been regarded as isolated and static entities (e.g., ...
Molecular mechanisms regulating cytotoxic lymphocyte development and function, and their associations to human diseases
(2015)
Cytotoxic lymphocytes, comprised of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells, play a pivotal role in immune defense. By directed release of perforin-containing lytic granules, NK and cytotoxic T cells can eradicate pathogen-infected, ...
The molecular pathology of cognitive decline: Focus on metals
(2016)
In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing ...
Molecular Organization of Membranes: Where Biology Meets Biophysics
(2018)
Biological membranes protect cells and organelles from the surrounding environment, but serve also as organising platforms for physiological processes such as cell signalling. The hydrophobic core of membranes is composed ...
Molecular mechanisms of cellular stress responses in cancer and their therapeutic implications
(2015)
In response to stress, cells can activate a myriad of signalling pathways to bring about a specific cellular outcome, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. This response is pivotal for tumour ...
Molecular mechanisms for reprogramming hippocampal development and function by early-life stress
(2016)
The early postnatal period is a crucial stage for hippocampal development. During this critical period, the neonatal hippocampus is highly sensitive to the detrimental consequences of adverse environmental factors. Extensive ...
Molecular Nanomachines of the Presynaptic Terminal
(2016)
Synaptic transmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is thus the most important element in brain functions, ranging from sensory input to information processing. Changes in synaptic transmission can result in ...
Molecular Pathogenesis of Pneumococcus
(2017)
Streptococcus pneumoniae has been for decades the number one bacterial killer of children in the world. Although vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines [PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 (children) or PPSV23 (adults)] has helped ...
NETosis 2: The Excitement Continues
(2017)
NETosis, a form of cell death that manifests by the release of decondensed chromatin to the extracellular space, provides valuable insights into mechanisms and consequences of cellular demise. Because extracellular chromatin ...
Neuro-motor control and feed-forward models of locomotion in humans
(2015)
Locomotion involves many different muscles and the need of controlling several degrees of freedom. Despite the Central Nervous System can finely control the contraction of individual muscles, emerging evidences indicate ...
Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity
(2018)
The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal ...
Neuro-Education and Neuro-Rehabilitation
(2016)
In the last decade, important discoveries have been made in cognitive neuroscience regarding brain plasticity and learning such as the mirror neurons system and the anatomo-functional organization of perceptual, cognitive ...
Nature and Environment: The Psychology of Its Benefits and Its Protection
(2017)
Our Research Topic section entitled: "Nature and the environment: The psychology of its benefits and its protection" will have two main lines. The first line of articles will center upon cutting-edge research showing how ...
Neuropsychopharmacology of Psychosis: Relation of Brain Signals, Cognition and Chemistry
(2015)
Previous research over the past decades has identified diverse neurobiological underpinnings of psychosis. In particular, by combining a variety of different neuroimaging modalities, it has been shown that psychotic states ...
Neuroplasticity and Extracellular Proteolysis
(2016)
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to alter its structure and function in response to a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as development, cognition, injury or ...
Neuroscience perspectives on Security: Technology, Detection, and Decision Making
(2015)
In security science, efficient operation depends typically on the interaction between technology, human and machine detection and human and machine decision making. A perfect example of this interplay is ‘gatekeeping’, ...
Neuroplasticity and Neurorehabilitation
(2015)
In the history of neuroscience it had long been a virtually axiomatic belief that the mature mammalian nervous system was hardwired and fixed. This view goes back to the work of Louis Broca in the 1850s and has been perhaps ...
Neuroscience of Human Attachment
(2017)
Attachment is a biologically emotion regulation based system guiding cognitive and emotional processes with respect to intimate and significant relationships. Secure relationships promote infants’ exploration of the world ...
Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry of Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2016)
This book compiles all articles within the Research Topic "Neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry of neurodegenerative disorders" published in the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. The call was launched in 2014 and ...
Mental Practice - Clinical and Experimental Research in Imagery and Action Observation
(2016)
There is now strong evidence demonstrating that the brain simulates action and other functions. Such action simulation can be evoked through conscious mental rehearsal of movement or imagery, but also through passive action ...
The metabolic challenges of immune cells in health and disease
(2015)
Obesity and its co-morbidities, including atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and diabetes, are a world-wide epidemic. Inflammatory immune responses in metabolic tissues have emerged as a universal feature of these metabolic ...
Metabolism and Immune Tolerance
(2019)
Historically the study of the immune system and metabolism have been two very separate fields. In recent years, a growing literature has emerged illustrating how the multiple processes of cellular metabolism are intricately ...
The Metabolic-Inflammatory Axis in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration
(2017)
Impairment of energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Age- and disease-related hypometabolism is commonly associated with oxidative stress ...
Metabolic Interactions Between Bacteria and Phytoplankton
(2018)
The cycling of energy and elements in aquatic environments is controlled by the interaction of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes. In surface waters of lakes, rivers, and oceans, photosynthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria ...
Metabolic Control of Brain Homeostasis
(2017)
Brain function is under metabolic control, which in turn determines the equilibrium of homeostatic systems that affect neuronal and glial networks on the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. The collection of articles ...
The metabolic pathways and environmental controls of hydrocarbon biodegradation in marine ecosystems
(2015)
Biodegradation mediated by indigenous microbial communities is the ultimate fate of the majority of oil hydrocarbon that enters the marine environment. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight recent advances in our ...
Morphogens in the wiring of the nervous system
(2016)
Neuronal function relies on the establishment of proper connections between neurons and their target cells during development. This basic statement involves several cellular processes, such as neuronal differentiation, the ...
MR Spectroscopy in Neuropsychiatry
(2018)
Neuropsychiatric disorders, covering both psychotic and depressive disorders, but also autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are characterized by abnormal behavior and brain structure. Accumulating ...
Mitochondria: the cell powerhouse and nexus of stress
(2014)
Mitochondrion, a sub-cellular organelle originated from primary endosymbiosis, plays a vital role in energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells. The transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC) to molecular ...
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases
(2017)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and allow cells to respond to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the environment and to produce an appropriate ...
Model organisms in inflammation and cancer
(2014)
A link between inflammation and cancer was initially made by Rudolf Virchow back in the 19th century. Nowadays many cancers are considered dependent on inflammatory responses to microbial and damaged-self stimuli and both ...
Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species
(2017)
Hypericum is an important genus of the family Hypericaceae and includes almost 500 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Being the home for many important bioactive compounds, these species have a long traditional value as ...
Neural and Computational Modeling of Movement Control
(2017)
In the study of sensorimotor systems, an important research goal has been to understand the way neural networks in the spinal cord and brain interact to control voluntary movement. Computational modeling has provided insight ...
Natural Antibodies in Health and Disease
(2018)
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. ...
Natural Diversity in the New Millennium
(2016)
Natural diversity has been extensively used to understand plant biology and improve crops. However, studies were commonly based on visual phenotypes or on a few measurable parameters. Nowadays, a large number of parameters ...
Numerical Development - From cognitive functions to neural underpinnings
(2015)
Living at the beginning of the 21st century requires being numerate, because numerical abilities are not only essential for life prospects of individuals but also for economic interests of post-industrial knowledge societies. ...
The olivo-cerebellar system
(2016)
During the last decades, investigations on the olivo-cerebellar system have attained a high level of sophistication, which led to redefinitions of several structural and functional properties of neurons, synapses, connections ...
Neurovision: Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs
(2015)
Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which ...
NEUROTRAUMA: From Emergency Room to Back to Day-by-Day Life
(2019)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a nondegenerative, noncongenital insult to the brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functions, ...
Mental State Understanding: Individual Differences in Typical and Atypical Development
(2017)
The current book addresses the development of mental state understanding in children with typical and atypical population, and reports new suggestions about the way to evaluate it and to support it through training. The ...
Metals and neurodegeneration: Restoring the balance
(2016)
Biometals such as copper, zinc and iron have key biological functions, however, aberrant metabolism can lead to detrimental effects on cell function and survival. These biometals have important roles in the brain, driving ...