Publications
Now showing items 781-840 of 1372
Olfactory subsystems in mammals: morphology, genetic and evolution
(2015)
The nasal cavity and the elements it comprises are lined by mucosa. This mucosa contains olfactory sensory neurons, which are organized into four different territories: main olfactory epithelium, septal organ, vomeronasal ...
Neuroimmune Interface in Health and Diseases
(2017)
It is now well appreciated that the immune system, in addition to its traditional role in defending the organism against pathogens, communicate in a well-organized fashion with the brain to maintain homeostasis and regulate ...
Neurofeedback in ADHD
(2016)
EEG-based neurofeedback is used as a treatment approach in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a clinically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous child psychiatric disorder. There is increasing evidence for ...
Neuroinflammation and Behaviour
(2015)
The brain and immune system are involved in an intricate network of bidirectional communication. This relationship is vital for optimal physiological and psychological development and functioning but can also result in ...
Neuroglia Molecular Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders
(2019)
Neuropsychiatric disorders have long been considered as specific dysfunctions of neuronal functions. Studies of the recent decade, however, have challenged this simplistic view, highlighting the important role played by ...
Neurological and psychiatric disorders in endocrine diseases
(2015)
Neurological and psychiatric disorders can occur in endocrine diseases either in the setting of the clinical manifestations of the same (i.e., hyper- or hyposecretion of hormones or peptides from the endocrine glands) or ...
Neuroimaging and Neuropsychology of Meditation States
(2017)
Neurophysiological and psychological modifications induced by meditation practice have been consistently addressed by neuroscience. Training meditation practice induced plasticity (Barinaga, 2003; Knight, 2004), and as a ...
Metabolic Adaptation to Cell Growth and Proliferation in Normal and Pathological Conditions
(2018)
Proliferating cells must adapt their metabolism to fulfill the increased requirements for energy demands and biosynthetic intermediates. This adaptation is particularly relevant in cancer, where sustained rapid proliferation ...
MAPPING MAnagement and Processing of images for Population ImagiNG
(2017)
Several recent papers underline methodological points that limit the validity of published results in imaging studies in the life sciences and especially the neurosciences (Carp, 2012; Ingre, 2012; Button et al., 2013; ...
Mapping Psychopathology with fMRI and Effective Connectivity Analysis
(2017)
There is a growing appreciation that many psychiatric (and neurological) conditions can be understood as functional disconnection syndromes – as reflected in aberrant functional integration and synaptic connectivity. This ...
Mood and Cognition in Old Age
(2018)
Improving psychological well-being and cognitive health is now listed as the priority on the healthy aging agenda. Depression and cognitive impairment are great challenges for the elderly population. There have been numerous ...
A Multidisciplinary Look at Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Multi-Drug-Resistant Global Opportunistic Pathogen
(2017)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium found in water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. It is associated with a variety of infections in humans, involving respiratory tract (most common), soft ...
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Motor Learning and Sensorimotor Adaptation
(2015)
The plasticity of the living matter of our nervous system, in short, is the reason why we do a thing with difficulty the first time, but soon do it more and more easily, and finally, with sufficient practice, do it ...
Music, Brain, and Rehabilitation: Emerging Therapeutic Applications and Potential Neural Mechanisms
(2016)
Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we ...
Music and the Functions of the Brain: Arousal, Emotions, and Pleasure
(2018)
Music impinges upon the body and the brain. As such, it has significant inductive power which relies both on innate dispositions and acquired mechanisms and competencies. The processes are partly autonomous and partly ...
Mysteries of Type I IFN response: benefits versus detriments
(2015)
Successful containment of an infection is dependent on both innate and adaptive immune response. Cytokines are essential effectors of both of these systems. In particular, type I interferons (IFN-I) are important components ...
Molecular, Cellular and Model Organism Approaches for Understanding the Basis of Neurological Disease
(2017)
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence ...
Molecular Regulation and Therapeutic Potential of Thermogenic Fat Cells
(2016)
Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy ...
Nutritional influences on human neurocognitive functioning
(2014)
‘You are what you eat’. It’s a saying that we’ve all heard time and time again. The notion that good nutrition is essential for adequate growth and sound physical wellbeing is very well established. Further, in recent ...
The Neurobiology and Genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: New Avenues through Large-Scale Collaborative Projects
(2018)
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a common, albeit severely under-diagnosed, neuropsychiatric disorder that is caused by a complex genetic basis, interacting with environmental factors. High comorbidity rates with ...
Neurodegeneration: From Genetics to Molecules
(2016)
Chronic degenerative diseases are one of the major public health problems, particularly those affecting the nervous system. They are characterized by the degeneration of specific cell populations that include several ...
Neuroanatomy for the XXIst Century
(2016)
An explosion of new techniques with vastly improved visualization and sensitivity is leading a veritable revolution in modern neuroanatomy. Basic questions related to cell types, input localization, and connectivity are ...
The neurobiology of emotion-cognition interactions
(2015)
There is increasing interest in understanding the interplay of emotional and cognitive processes. The objective of the Research Topic was to provide an interdisciplinary survey of cutting-edge neuroscientific research on ...
Neuroanatomy of Human Brain Development
(2017)
The human brain is extraordinary complex and yet its origin is a simple tubular structure. Rapid and dramatic structural growth takes place during the fetal and perinatal period. By the time of birth, a repertoire of major ...
Neurobiological circuit function and computation of the serotonergic and related systems
(2015)
Serotonin is one of the oldest neurotransmitters in evolutionary terms, and the serotonergic system is complex and multifaceted. Serotonin-producing neurons in the raphe nuclei provide serotonin innervations throughout ...
Neuroendocrine mechanisms that connect feeding behavior and stress
(2015)
Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain ...
Mesothelial Physiology and Pathophysiology
(2018)
The mesothelium is composed by a single layer of mesothelial cells that vest the serosal cavities (pleural, peritoneal and pericardial) and internal organs of the body. The mesothelial cells have a mixed phenotype of ...
The Metaphorical Brain
(2016)
Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed ...
Metastable Dynamics of Neural Ensembles
(2018)
A classical view of neural computation is that it can be characterized in terms of convergence to attractor states or sequential transitions among states in a noisy background. After over three decades, is this still a ...
Microbiota of Grapes: Positive and Negative Role on Wine Quality
(2017)
During spontaneous food/beverage fermentations, the microbiota associated with the raw material has a considerable importance: this microbial consortium evolves in reason of the nutrient content and of the physical, chemical, ...
Microbiotechnology Based Surfactants and Their Applications
(2016)
Biosurfactants are structurally diverse group of bioactive molecules produced by a variety of microorganisms. They are secondary metabolites that accumulate at interfaces, reduce surface tension and form micellar aggregates. ...
Microenvironment-Derived Stem Cell Plasticity
(2017)
Plasticity is the hallmark of stem cells. At the same time, stem cells, like any other cell type, are influenced by their microenvironment and respond to it accordingly. A specific microenvironment is defined by a variety ...
Marine Biomolecules
(2015)
Oceans include the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature and light, and habitats can range from tropical waters to ocean trenches, several kilometers below sea level at high pressure. With its 70% of the surface of ...
Multisensory and sensorimotor interactions in speech perception
(2015)
Speech is multisensory since it is perceived through several senses. Audition is the most important one as speech is mostly heard. The role of vision has long been acknowledged since many articulatory gestures can be seen ...
Multisensory Perception And Action: Psychophysics, Neural Mechanisms, And Applications
(2015)
Our senses are not separated. Information received from one sensory modality may be linked with, or distorted by information provided from another modality, such as in the ventriloquism illusion and experiences of crossmodal ...
Multisensor Systems for Analysis of Liquids and Gases: Trends and Developments
(2019)
Nowadays the application of multisensor systems for the analysis of liquids and gases is becoming more and more popular in analytical chemistry. Such systems, also known as “electronic tongues” and “electronic noses” are ...
Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations
(2018)
Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple ...
Multisensory Integration in Action Control
(2014)
The integration of multisensory information is an essential mechanism in perception and in controlling actions. Research in multisensory integration is concerned with how the information from the different sensory modalities, ...
Multisensory Integration: Brain, Body and the World
(2016)
Behaviour, language, and reasoning are expressions of neural functions par excellence, as the brain must draw on sensory modalities to gather information on the rest of the body and on the outer world. Cortical areas ...
Multisensory Human-Food Interaction
(2018)
Our food experiences can be significantly influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic multisensory information. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and apply the principles that govern the systematic connections that ...
Mobile Genetic Elements in Cellular Differentiation, Genome Stability, and Cancer
(2018)
The human genome, as with the genome of most organisms, is comprised of various types of mobile genetic element derived repeats. Mobile genetic elements that mobilize by an RNA intermediate, include both autonomous and ...
Molecular Diagnostics in the Detection of Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2017)
Neurodegeneration is characterized by the progressive loss of neural tissue that result in various neurodegeneration-initiated cerebral failures and complex diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ...
Molecular Dynamics at the Immunological Synapse
(2017)
The immunological synapse (IS) is a specialised cell-cell adhesion that mediates antigen acquisition and regulates the activation of lymphocytes. Initial studies of the IS showed a structure composed of stable supra-molecular ...
Molecular Ecology and Genetic Diversity of the Roseobacter Clade
(2018)
Marine bacteria and archaea are key players in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and other elements. One important lineage of marine bacteria is the Roseobacter group. Members of this clade are the most ...
Neural Implementations of Expertise
(2015)
When we think about expertise, we usually consider people who master tasks at a level not reachable by most other people. Although we rarely realise it, however, most humans are experts in many aspects of everyday life. ...
Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics
(2015)
Application of optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, feeding, arousal and motivated behaviors has provided crucial insights into brain function. Expression of light ...
Neural information processing with dynamical synapses
(2014)
Experimental data have consistently revealed that the neuronal connection weight, which models the efficacy of the firing of a pre-synaptic neuron in modulating the state of a post-synaptic one, varies on short time scales, ...
Neural Circuitry of Behavioral Flexibility: Dopamine and Related Systems
(2016)
Decades of research have identified a role for dopamine neurotransmission in prefrontal cortical function and flexible cognition. Abnormal dopamine neurotransmission underlies many cases of cognitive dysfunction. New ...
Neural Computation in Embodied Closed-Loop Systems for the Generation of Complex Behavior: From Biology to Technology
(2018)
How can neural and morphological computations be effectively combined and realized in embodied closed-loop systems (e.g., robots) such that they can become more like living creatures in their level of performance? Understanding ...
Neural and Synaptic Defects in Autism Spectrum Disorders
(2015)
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired reciprocal social interactions and communication, and restricted and repetitive ...
Neural basis of social learning, social deciding, and other-regarding preferences
(2015)
Humans and many other social animals decide, or learn when necessary, what to do in a given social situation by assessing a range of variables related to social states (e.g., competitive or cooperative), others’ overt ...
Neural Circuits: Japan
(2015)
This Frontiers Research Topic on ‘Neural Circuits: Japan’ explores the diversity of neural circuit research occurring across Japan by innovative researchers using cutting-edge approaches. This issue has brought together ...
Neural Circuits Revealed
(2015)
Deciphering anatomical and functional maps in the nervous system is a main challenge for both clinical and basic neuroscience. Modern approaches to mark and manipulate neurons are bringing us closer than ever to better ...
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in functional research of prefrontal cortex
(2016)
This e-book includes the latest outcomes produced by a broad range of fNIRS research with activation of prefrontal cortex, from methodological one to clinical one, providing a forum for scientists planning functional studies ...
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Recent Advances in Infant Speech Perception and Language Acquisition Research
(2015)
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a novel and increasingly popular optical imaging technique that has revolutionarized brain research in the youngest developmental populations. After nearly a decade of technological ...
Oncolytic Viruses - Genetically Engineering the Future of Cancer Therapy
(2017)
The ability to genetically engineer oncolytic viruses in order to minimize side effects and improve the selective targeting of tumor cells has opened up novel opportunities for treating cancer. Understanding the mechanisms ...
Metal economy in host-microbe interactions
(2015)
From simple inorganic catalysts to vital biological cofactors, divalent transition metals are instrumental to electron transfers, catalysis and signaling. Their natural ability to bind, exchange and react with organic ...
Metal Biology Takes Flight: The Study of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification in Insects
(2018)
Metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are clearly required for proper metabolism and development, while imbalances can lead to systemic dysfunction and disease. As a result, organisms have evolved complex genetic ...
Methodological Quality of Interventions in Psychology
(2017)
Evaluations of intervention programs seek to present high-quality design, measures and data to assess their merit and worth. While evaluations differ in their purpose, theoretical framework and methodology, their collective ...
Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
(2017)
In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of diseases with the inflammatory component such as such as allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowl disease (IBD, which includes ulcerative ...