Publications
Now showing items 1121-1200 of 1372
Regulation of Inflammation; Its Resolution and Therapeutic Targeting
(2018)
Inflammation is a fundamental protective mechanism and at the same time the driving force of a variety of major diseases in humans. Indeed, acute self-resolving inflammation usually plays a positive role for the host, as ...
Regulation of Tissue Responses: The TWEAK/Fn14 Pathway and other TNF/ TNFR Superfamily Members that Activate Noncanonical NFkB Signaling
(2016)
The immune system mediates tissue responses under both physiological and pathological conditions, impacting the inflammatory, fibrogenic and regenerative components. In addition to various leukocyte subsets, it is now ...
Regulation of immune system cell functions by protein kinase C
(2014)
Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of Ser/Thr kinases are encoded by nine distinct but closely related genes, which give rise to more than 12 different protein isoforms via a mechanism of alternative RNA splicing. ...
Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers
(2017)
Successful endurance performance requires the integration of multiple physiological and psychological systems, working together to regulate exercise intensity in a way that will reduce time taken or increase work done. The ...
Regulation of red cell life-span, erythropoiesis, senescence and clearance
(2014)
Human red blood cells are formed mainly in the bone marrow and are believed to have an average life span of approximately 120 days. However, is it true for all red blood cells? What are the changes associated with red cell ...
Relevance of Translational Regulation on Plant Growth and Environmental Responses
(2018)
Plants, as sessile organisms, are exposed to a large array of challenging external and internal alterations that may restrict plant growth. These limiting growth conditions activate plant signalling responses which eventually ...
Repetitive Structures in Biological Sequences: Algorithms and Applications
(2016)
Repetitive structures in biological sequences are emerging as an active focus of research and the unifying concept of "repeatome" (the ensemble of knowledge associated with repeating structures in genomic/proteomic sequences) ...
Recent advances in Pancreatology
(2014)
Pancreatic diseases include intractable ones including acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. In recent years, great advances have been made in the field of pancreatology, including the pathogenesis, ...
Recent advances and the future generation of neuroinformatics infrastructure
(2015)
The huge volume of multi-modal neuroimaging data across different neuroscience communities has posed a daunting challenge to traditional methods of data sharing, data archiving, data processing and data analysis. ...
Rio, Tokyo Paralympic Games and beyond: How to Prepare Athletes with Motor Disabilities for Peaking
(2017)
In 1960, the 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games were supported, for the first time, by the Italian Olympic Committee. Taking place six days after the Closing Ceremony of the XVII Olympic Games, the paralympic ...
Role of Health Economic Data in Policy Making and Reimbursement of New Medical Technologies
(2017)
This Research Topic was focused on provision of novel medical technologies worldwide keeping in mind financial sustainability challenge. An exemplary area certainly are oncology pharmaceuticals where prices have increased ...
The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior
(2015)
Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function ...
Role of lipids in virus assembly
(2015)
RNA enveloped viruses comprise several families belonging to plus and minus strand RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, flavoviruses and orthomyxoviruses. Viruses utilize cellular lipids during critical steps of replication ...
Role of Intravenous Levetiracetam in Acute Seizure Management
(2014)
Intractable epilepsy still remains the main issue despite new advances in medical and surgical treatment of epilepsy. Acute seizure management in a timely manner is crucial to prevent irreversible brain damage. Benzodiazepines ...
The Role of Iron in Bacterial Pathogenesis
(2018)
The collection of articles published in this eBook represent different facets of the interactions between pathogens and their host concerning the battle for iron. Pathogens have developed different strategies to acquire ...
Representation in the Brain
(2018)
This eBook contains ten articles on the topic of representation of abstract concepts, both simple and complex, at the neural level in the brain. Seven of the articles directly address the main competing theories of mental ...
School Achievement and Failure in Portuguese and Spanish Speaking Countries
(2018)
This book is devoted to an increasingly important educational problem in the modern societies: school achievement and failure. School failure is presently a problem in developed as well as in developing countries. In the ...
Sea Level Variability and Change
(2017)
In June 2015 we held a workshop on the beautiful island of Mallorca, Spain with a focus on sea level variability and change. Over 120 sea level experts from around the world attended this workshop, from a range of different ...
Sedentary Behaviour in Human Health and Disease
(2018)
Sedentary behaviour – too much sitting as distinct from too little physical activity – is now recognised as an independent risk factor for several health outcomes and premature mortality. This is problematic as technological ...
Self-Organization in the Nervous System
(2017)
This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. ...
Self-Eating on Demand: Autophagy in Cancer and Cancer Therapy
(2018)
Macroautophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for recycling intracellular components including whole organelles, has emerged as a key process modulating tumorigenesis, tumor–stroma interactions, and cancer therapy. An ...
Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration
(2016)
Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. ...
Signalling Pathways in Embryonic Development
(2017)
The formation of a complex multicellular organism from a single cell is one of the most amazing processes of biology. Embryonic development is characterised by the careful regulation of cellular behaviours such that cells ...
Significance of antigen and epitope specificity in tuberculosis
(2014)
Dissection of the specificity of host immune responses following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for designing effective vaccination and diagnostic biomarkers as well as for better understanding of ...
Smelly Fumes: Volatile-Mediated Communication between Bacteria and Other Organisms
(2017)
This e-book summarizes recent advances in the young and rapidly developing field of microbial volatiles. Articles included here reveal novel information about the chemical diversity of bacterial and fungal volatiles, their ...
Social Hormones and Human Behavior: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here
(2015)
Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are the paramount social hormones in mammals and accumulating evidence also strengthens the unique role of these neuropeptides also in human social behavior. Indeed from voles ...
Preclinical and clinical issues in Alzheimer's disease drug research and development
(2015)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss, inability to perform the activities of daily living and mood disorders. According to the ...
Precision Public Health
(2018)
Precision Public Health is a new and rapidly evolving field, that examines the application of new technologies to public health policy and practice. It draws on a broad range of disciplines including genomics, spatial data, ...
The state of the art in student engagement
(2015)
There is an extensive literature conducted from a range of theoretical perspectives and methodologies on the role of groups and student learning in higher education. However here the concept of the ‘group’ is heavily ...
Stem cells and progenitor cells in ischemic stroke - fashion or future?
(2016)
Stroke remains one of the most devastating diseases in industrialized countries. Recanalization of the occluded arterial vessel using thrombolysis is the only causal therapy available. However, thrombolysis is limited due ...
Serotonin and Memory
(2016)
The study of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) systems has benefited from the identification, classification and cloning of multiple 5-HT receptors (5-HT1 to 5-HT7). Increasing evidence suggests that 5-HT pathways, reuptake ...
Roles and mechanisms of parasitism in aquatic microbial communities
(2015)
Next Generation Sequencing technologies are increasingly revealing that microbial taxa likely to be parasites or symbionts are probably much more prevalent and diverse than previously thought. Every well studied free-living ...
The Roles of GnIH in Reproductive Function and Behavior
(2018)
Since the discovery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the beginning of 1970s, it has been believed that GnRH is the only hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates gonadotropin release in vertebrates. In 2000, ...
The Safety and Efficacy of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
(2015)
Noninvasive brain stimulation (including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Current Brain Stimulation (TCS)) can be used both experimentally and therapeutically. In the experimental domain TMS can be ...
Safety Pharmacology - Risk Assessment QT Interval Prolongation and Beyond
(2018)
Current regulatory guidelines for cardiac safety utilize hERG block and QT interval prolongation as risk markers. This strategy has been successful at preventing harmful drugs from being marketed, but criticized for leading ...
Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Mechanisms and Regulation of Ion Transport
(2018)
Life presumably arose in the primeval oceans with similar or even greater salinity than the present ocean, so the ancient cells were designed to withstand salinity. However, the immediate ancestors of land plants most ...
Salicylic Acid Signaling Networks
(2016)
The small phenolic compound salicylic acid (SA) is critical for plant defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens. SA is also involved in multi-layered defense responses, from pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggered ...
Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System
(2016)
Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. ...
Social Cognition, Motivation, and Interaction How Do People Respond to Threats in Social Interactions?
(2018)
f we want to understand people’s responses to threats in social interactions we can distinguish between three levels of analysis:On a social level of analysis we can describe people’s interpersonal behavior, on a cognitive ...
Stem Cell Genetic Fidelity
(2015)
The vision of this Frontiers in Oncology Research Topic on "Stem Cell Genetic Fidelity" had the goal of steeping a diverse range of research perspectives to a first comprehensive synthesis of thought on the questions of ...
Sense of agency: Examining awareness of the acting self
(2015)
The sense of agency is defined as the sense of oneself as the agent of one's own actions. This also allows oneself to feel distinct from others, and contributes to the subjective phenomenon of self-consciousness (Gallagher, ...
Root Systems Biology
(2014)
The understanding of biological complexity has been greatly facilitated by cross-disciplinary, holistic approaches that allow insights into the function and regulation of biological processes that cannot be captured by ...
ROS Regulation during Plant Abiotic Stress Responses
(2017)
Plants are continuously exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions, including cold, drought, salt, heat, which have major impact on plant growth and development. To survive, plants have evolved complex physiological ...
Roots - The Hidden Provider
(2017)
Signal Transduction in Stomatal Guard Cells
(2017)
Stomata, the tiny pores on leaf surface, are the gateways for CO2 uptake during photosynthesis as well as water loss in transpiration. Further, plants use stomatal closure as a defensive response, often triggered by ...
Signaling in the Phytomicrobiome
(2017)
A plant growing under field conditions is not a simple individual; it is a community. We now know that there is a community of microbes associated with all parts of the plant, and that the root associated community is ...
Signaling Pathways in Developing and Pathological Tissues and Organs of the Craniofacial Complex
(2018)
Head formation requires the well-orchestrated and harmonised development of various tissues and organs within the craniofacial complex. A big variety of signaling pathways are involved in this process by controlling cell ...
Sleep Spindles: Breaking the Methodological Wall
(2017)
In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, ...
Sleep and cognition in the elderly
(2015)
Understanding the role of sleep and the mechanisms at play in ageing are among the most exciting challenges in neuroscience. Although our understanding of the mechanisms governing sleep stages and their role in cognitive ...
Sleep and Chronobiology in Plasticity and Memory
(2016)
Chronobiological mechanisms regulating time-of-day mediated behaviors, such as sleep and circadian rhythms, are thought to interact with and/or share cellular and molecular signaling cascades that shape synaptic plasticity ...
Pre-cueing Effects on Perception, Attention, and Cognitive Penetrability
(2018)
Attention has often been likened to spotlights and filters—devices that illuminate or screen out some inputs in favor of others. This largely passive conception of attention has been gradually replaced by a more dynamic ...
Precision Medicine in Oncology
(2019)
The emerging precision medicine approach aims to tailor disease prevention and treatment to each patient on the basis of individual variability, environmental factors and lifestyle. Fundamental achievements in the last few ...
Spores and Spore Formers
(2017)
Bacterial spore formers have been the focus of intense study for almost half a century centered primarily on Bacillus subtilis. This research has given us a detailed picture of the genetic, physiological and biochemical ...
Single-Domain Antibodies: Biology, Engineering and Emerging Applications
(2018)
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) represent the minimal antigen binding-competent form of the immunoglobulin domain and have unique properties and applications. SdAbs are naturally produced as the variable domains of the ...
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in human, cattle and foods. Strategies for detection and control
(2014)
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen associated with both outbreaks and sporadic cases of human disease, ranging from uncomplicated diarrhoea to haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and ...
State-of-the-Art Research on C1q and the Classical Complement Pathway
(2016)
C1q is the target recognition protein of the classical complement pathway and a major connecting link between innate and acquired immunity. As a charge pattern recognition molecule of innate immunity, C1q can engage a broad ...
Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits
(2015)
The hippocampus mediates several higher brain functions, such as learning, memory, and spatial coding. The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. Several lines of ...
Structure-Based Drug Design for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Diseases
(2017)
European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) supports the collaboration of nationally-funded science and technology research through the creation of networks. COST is the longest-running European framework enhancing ...
Structure-Related Intrinsic Electrical States and Firing Patterns of Neurons With Active Dendrites
(2018)
Activity of the multi-functional networked neurons depends on their intrinsic states and bears both cell- and network-defined features. Firing patterns of a neuron are conventionally attributed to spatial-temporal organization ...
Social Interaction in Animals: Linking Experimental Approach and Social Network Analysis
(2017)
Understanding the link between individual behaviour and population organization and functioning has long been central to ecology and evolutionary biology. Behaviour is a response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors including ...
Software Architectures for Humanoid Robotics
(2018)
In the past few years humanoid robots have evolved at a rapid pace. Research has made impressive advancements on both mechatronics and cognitive capabilities, including learning, perception and control. At the same time ...
Sound, Music and Movement in Parkinson's Disease
(2017)
Recent years have brought new insights to the understanding of Parkinson’s disease, impact of exercise and sound displays in rehabilitation and movement facilitation. There is growing evidence that auditory signals in the ...
Specialised membrane domains of plasmodesmata plant intercellular nanopores
(2014)
Plasmodesmata (PD) are plant-specific intercellular nanopores defined by specialised domains of the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both of which contain unique proteins, and probably different ...
Third-Generation Neuroimaging: Translating Research into Clinical Utility
(2016)
Psychiatric imaging needs to move away from simple investigations of the neurobiology underling the early phases of psychiatric diseases to translate imaging findings in the clinical field targeting clinical outcomes ...
Thymic stromal alterations and genetic disorders of immune system
(2015)
The pathogenic mechanisms underlying primary T-cell disorders are mainly related to molecular alterations of genes whose expression is intrinsic to hematopoietic cells. However, since the differentiation process requires ...
Thyroid hormone in brain and brain cells
(2016)
Thyroid hormone signaling has been known for a long time to be required for proper neurodevelopment and the maintenance of cognitive functions in the adult brain. As thyroid hormone excess or deficiency is usually well ...
Sub-cellular Proteomics
(2015)
Whilst significant advances have been made in whole organismal proteomics approaches, many researchers still rely on combinations of tissue selection and subcellular prefractionation methods to reduce the complexity of ...
Structural and computational glycobiology: immunity and infection
(2015)
Interest in understanding the biological role of carbohydrates has increased significantly over the last 20 years. The use of structural techniques to understand carbohydrate-protein recognition is still a relatively young ...
The Sociocultural Context of Psychosocial Interventions
(2018)
Across diverse academic fields, scholars and practitioners are engaged in developing interventions to promote outcomes like health and quality of life. Indeed, such is the apparent efficacy of such interventions, that there ...
Society, Organizations and the Brain: building towards a unified cognitive neuroscience perspective
(2015)
This e-book brings together scholars in both the neurosciences and organizational sciences who have adopted various approaches to study the cognitive mechanisms mediating the social behavior that we see within organizations. ...
Spatial and non-spatial aspects of neglect
(2015)
Neglect is one of the most impressive neuropsychological disorder, for both its theoretical and clinical relevance. Besides being very common and disabling, it is highly informative for understanding normal cognitive ...
Spatial memory - a unique window into healthy and pathological ageing
(2015)
The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant ...
Spiking Neural Network Connectivity and its Potential for Temporal Sensory Processing and Variable Binding
(2014)
The most biologically-inspired artificial neurons are those of the third generation, and are termed spiking neurons, as individual pulses or spikes are the means by which stimuli are communicated. In essence, a spike is a ...
Therapeutic Implications of Circadian Rhythms
(2015)
Circadian rhythms are biological processes displaying endogenous and entrainable oscillations of about 24 hours. They are driven by a group of genes called clock genes that have been widely observed in plants, animals and ...
Thiol-based redox homeostasis and signalling
(2014)
In contrast to the situation in heterotrophic organisms, plant genomes code for a significantly larger number of oxidoreductases such as thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs). These proteins provide a biochemical ...
Tick-Host-Pathogen Interactions
(2018)
Besides causing direct damage associated with blood feeding and in some cases through the excretion of toxins with their saliva, the main relevance of ticks lies in the wide variety of pathogens that they can transmit, ...
Synthetic Biology: Engineering complexity and refactoring cell capabilities
(2015)
One of the key features of biological systems is complexity, where the behavior of high level structures is more than the sum of the direct interactions between single components. Synthetic Biologists aim to use rational ...
Synthetic biology applications in industrial microbiology
(2014)
Exponentially increasing information on biological organisms coupled with increasing computational power in the past decade have broadened the perspective of fundamental biological research, bringing about considerable ...
Sudden arrhythmic death: From basic science to clinical practice
(2014)
With upwards of 4.5 million deaths worldwide each year, and more than one tenth of these occurring in those with no previously documented heart disease, sudden arrhythmic death (SAD) is both a major public health burden ...
Sudden Death in Epilepsy: Basic and Translational Research
(2018)
Sudden Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of death in people with epilepsy, accounting for up to 17% of all deaths. Research interest is exploding, focusing on epidemiology, basic mechanisms, identification of risk ...