Publications
Now showing items 641-680 of 1372
The Least Cost Path From Landscape Genetics to Landscape Genomics
(2018)
Ecosystems are the stage on which the play of evolution is acted, and ecosystems are complex, spatially structured and temporally varying. The purpose of this Research Topic is to explore critical challenges and opportunities ...
Low-dose antibiotics: current status and outlook for the future
(2014)
Antimicrobial therapy is a key factor in our success against pathogens poised to ravage at risk or infected individuals. However, we are currently at a watershed point as we face a growing crisis of antibiotic resistance ...
Limbic-Brainstem Roles in Perception, Cognition, Emotion and Behavior
(2018)
The brainstem-limbic regions, including the superior colliculus, pulvinar and amygdala, receive direct perceptual information as a rapid, coarse, subcortical sensory system bypassing early sensory cortical systems, and ...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Healthy and Diseased Brain Networks
(2015)
An important aspect of neuroscience is to characterize the underlying connectivity patterns of the human brain (i.e., human connectomics). Over the past few years, researchers have demonstrated that by combining a variety ...
Magnetic Records of Extreme Geological Events
(2017)
Recent advances in environmental magnetism offer the opportunity to link the magnetic signature of marine and continental rocks to the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic settings that controlled their formation or ...
Mind the gap! Gap junction channels and their importance in pathogenesis
(2014)
"Cells live together, but die singly", this sentence wrote the German physiologist Theodor Engelmann in 1875 and although he had no particular knowledge of gap junction channels (their structure was discovered around 100 ...
Mind over brain, brain over mind: cognitive causes and consequences of controlling brain activity
(2015)
This Research Topic combines articles aiming to gain a better understanding on different factors that determine whether people are successful or not in controlling computerized devices with brain signals. Since decades, ...
Mind-Brain Plasticity and Rehabilitation of Cognitive Functions: What Techniques Have Been Proven Effective?
(2017)
Rehabilitation of cognitive functions is a primary goal in neurological and psychiatric settings. Cognitive treatments include individual and group exercises, as well as the use of computer programs and virtual reality. ...
Mega Quakes: Cascading Earthquake Hazards and Compounding Risks
(2018)
Large-scale earthquake hazards pose major threats to modern society, generating casualties, disrupting socioeconomic activities, and causing enormous economic loss across the world. Events, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean ...
Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity
(2018)
Immune molecules have evolved to distinguish “self “molecules from “non-self”, “altered self” and “danger” molecules. Recognition is mediated via interactions between pattern recognition receptor molecules (PPRs) and their ...
Macrophages Role in Integrating Tissue Signals and Biological Processes in Chronic Inflammation and Fibrosis
(2017)
Macrophages comprehend a heterogeneous mononuclear phagocytic population with wide range phenotypes and roles in homeostasis maintenance and diseases, such as infections, autoimmunity and cancer. Technology improvements ...
Large-Scale and Full-Scale Methods for Examining Wind Effects on Buildings
(2018)
Global economic losses due to severe weather events have grown dramatically over the past two decades. A large proportion of these losses are due to severe wind storms such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes, which can ...
Lipid Signalling In Plant Development And Responses To Environmental Stresses
(2016)
In response to environmental stresses, or during development, plant cells will produce lipids that will act as intracellular or intercellular mediators. Glycerophospholipid and/or sphingolipid second messengers resulting ...
Lipid Signaling in T Cell Development and Function
(2015)
Lipids are best known as energy storing molecules and core-components of cellular membranes, but can also act as mediators of cellular signaling. This is most prominently illustrated by the paramount importance of the ...
Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters
(2017)
A substantial increase in the number of studies using the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy for its chemical properties in estuaries and the coastal and open ocean ...
Linking Ecosystem Function to Microbial Diversity
(2016)
Understanding the link between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes is a fundamental goal of microbial ecologists, yet we still have a rudimentary knowledge of how changes in diversity affect nutrient cycling and ...
Manual Asymmetries, Handedness and Motor Performance
(2016)
The performance of most tasks with one hand, typically the right, is a uniquely human characteristic. Not only do people prefer to use one hand rather than the other, but also they usually perform tasks faster and more ...
Minding Glial Cells in the Novel Understandings of Mental Illness
(2017)
Traditionally, abnormalities of neurons and neuronal networks including synaptic abnormalities and disturbance of neurotransmitters have dominantly been believed to be the main causes of psychiatric disorders. Recent ...
Machine Learning With Radiation Oncology Big Data
(2019)
Radiation oncology is uniquely positioned to harness the power of big data as vast amounts of data are generated at an unprecedented pace for individual patients in imaging studies and radiation treatments worldwide. The ...
The long and short of mental time travel - self-projection over time-scales large and small
(2015)
Researchers working in many fields of psychology and neuroscience are interested in the temporal structure of experience, as well as the experience of time, at scales of a few milliseconds up to a few seconds as well as ...
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
(2015)
Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance, which is ...
Management of Fusarium Species and their Mycotoxins in Cereal Food and Feed
(2017)
Health and safety of food and feed are the most important criteria for their quality. The quality of feed is in turn important for animal health, the environment and for the safety of food from animal origin. Fungi belonging ...
Language Development in the Digital Age
(2017)
The digital age is changing our children’s lives and childhood dramatically. New technologies transform the way people interact with each other, the way stories are shared and distributed, and the way reality is presented ...
Language beyond Words: The Neuroscience of Accent
(2017)
Language learning also implies the acquisition of a set of phonetic rules and prosodic contours which define the accent in that language. While often considered as merely accessory, accent is an essential component of ...
Language and Cognition
(2015)
Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking ...
Language by mouth and by hand
(2015)
While most natural languages rely on speech, humans can spontaneously generate comparable linguistic systems that utilize manual gestures. This collection of papers examines the interaction between natural language and its ...
Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Scenarios
(2015)
This topic aims to pool the most recent advances in the phenomenology and pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The papers in this eBook have strongly contributed to reduce the gaps in our knowledge of LIDs ...
Mechanical Signaling in Plants: From Perception to Consequences for Growth and Morphogenesis (Thigmomorphogenesis) and Ecological Significance
(2017)
During the 1970s, renewed interest in plant mechanical signaling led to the discovery that plants subjected to mechanical stimulation develop shorter and thicker axes than undisturbed plants, a syndrome called thigmomorphogenesis. ...
Mechanical Loading and Bone
(2016)
This research topic is focused on recent advances in our understanding of effects of mechanical loading on the skeleton, and research methods used in addressing these. Though it is well established that mechanical loading ...
Learned Brain Self-Regulation for Emotional Processing and Attentional Modulation: From Theory to Clinical Applications
(2016)
Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive ...
Learning in Social Context: The Nature and Profit of Living in Groups for Development
(2017)
One of the distinctive features of humans is their unique sociality. Humans live in organized societies that are characterized by a high level of interdependence of group members in various aspects of life, ranging from ...
Learning a non-native language in a naturalistic environment: Insights from behavioural and neuroimaging research
(2015)
It is largely accepted in the relevant literature that successful learning of one or more non-native languages is affected by a number of factors that are independent of the target language(s) per se; these factors include ...
M1/M2 Macrophages: The Arginine Fork in the Road to Health and Disease
(2015)
Macrophages have unique and diverse functions necessary for survival. And, in humans (and other species), they are the most abundant leukocytes in tissues. The Innate functions of macrophages that are best known are their ...
Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use: Evidence from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Models
(2018)
The purpose of this collection is to provide a forum to integrate pre-clinical and clinical investigations regarding the long-term consequences of adolescent exposure to drugs of abuse. Adolescence is characterized by ...
Lymphocytes in MS and EAE: More than just a CD4+ World
(2017)
Multiple sclerosis is degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which myelin destruction and axon loss leads to the accumulation of physical, cognitive, and mental deficits. MS affects more than a million ...
Lyme Disease: Recent Advances and Perspectives
(2015)
The interplay between host and pathogen is a complex co-evolutionary battle of surveillance and evasion. The pathogen continuously develops mechanisms to subvert the immune response in order to establish infection while ...
The Major Discoveries of Cajal and His Disciples: Consolidated Milestones for the Neuroscience of the XXIst Century
(2017)
When Santiago Ramón y Cajal started to unravel the fine structure of the nervous system in the last decades of the XIXth century maybe only his unbeatable soul of brave Spaniard imagined that most of the descriptions were ...
Multiple Identities Management
(2018)
In this ebook, a collection of 18 papers presents empirical research, as well as novel theoretical considerations, on how multiple identities are being managed by the individuals holding them. The papers draw on theories ...
The multiple roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature
(2015)
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance have most commonly been viewed in the context of human use and effects. However, both have co-existed in nature for millennia. Recently the roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance ...
Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of Organelle Interactions and Cooperation
(2017)
Eukaryotic cells contain distinct membrane-bound organelles, which compartmentalise cellular proteins to fulfil a variety of vital functions. Many organelles have long been regarded as isolated and static entities (e.g., ...