Publications
Now showing items 721-760 of 1372
Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences
(2017)
An increasing population faces the growing demand for agricultural products and accurate global climate models that account for individual plant morphologies to predict favorable human habitat. Both demands are rooted in ...
Morphologically complex words in the mind/brain
(2016)
The question of how morphologically complex words (assign-ment, listen-ed) are represented and processed in the brain has been one of the most hotly debated topics in the cognitive neuroscience of language. Do complex words ...
Muscle-Tendon-Innervation Unit: Degeneration and Aging - Pathophysiological and Regeneration Mechanisms
(2017)
Aging is characterized by progressive deterioration of walking ability. This function loss has multiple causes including central and peripheral nerve dysfunction, loss of muscle mass and strength, as well as joints and ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Clinical Manifestations, Microbiology, and Immunology
(2017)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a major human pathogen that causes both upper and lower respiratory infections, and is one of the leading causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for 11–15% of CAP throughout ...
Mycorrhiza in Tropical and Neotropical Ecosystems
(2018)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi that plays a major role in ecosystem function and diversification, as well as its stability and productivity. It also plays a key role in the ...
The naïve language expert: How infants discover units and regularities in speech
(2015)
The advent of behavior-independent measures of cognition and major progress in experimental designs have led to substantial advances in the investigation of infant language learning mechanisms. Research in the last two ...
Models and Estimation of Genetic Effects
(2015)
Ronald Fisher needed to develop elaborate models of genetic effects in order to set the foundations of Quantitative Genetics in his 1918 paper “The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance”. ...
Models of Reference
(2017)
To communicate, speakers need to make it clear what they are talking about. Referring expressions play a crucial part in achieving this, by anchoring utterances to things. Examples of referring expressions include noun ...
Molecular Function and Regulation of Non-coding RNAs in Multifactorial Diseases
(2016)
Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of multifactorial diseases such as diabetes, autism, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer has been greatly advanced. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), generally including ...
The Natriuretic Hormones
(2015)
The title follows from the original demonstration by Dr. Hugh de Wardener in 1961 that a humoral agent is produced after extracellular volume expansion which results in a vigorous diuresis and natriuresis. Thus the name ...
Ocular Motor and Vestibular Function in Neurometabolic, Neurogenetic, and Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2018)
Eye movements provide rich source of information about brain functioning for neurologists and neuroscientists. They provide diagnostic clues, define, and localize motor and cognitive disorders. Objective eye movement ...
On the Origin and Function of Human NK-like CD8+ T Cells: Charting New Territories
(2018)
Human CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors and receptors found on innate immune cells, and designated as NK-like or innate CD8+ T cells, have been long considered as terminally differentiated lymphocytes responsible for ...
Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2016)
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain's function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no ...
Neuronal mechanisms of epileptogenesis
(2015)
Several types of brain injuries are causes of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The seizure-free "latent period" that often follows the brain injury is of unknown mechanistic significance but is commonly considered ...
Neuronal Stochastic Variability: Influences on Spiking Dynamics and Network Activity
(2016)
Stochastic fluctuations are intrinsic to and unavoidable at every stage of neural dynamics. For example, ion channels undergo random conformational changes, neurotransmitter release at synapses is discrete and probabilistic, ...
Neuronal Polarity: Establishment and Maintenance
(2018)
The term polarity in a biological context is used to describe an asymmetry in morphology and distribution of molecules. In neurons, their complex shape with typically one axon and several dendrites reflects this asymmetry. ...
Neurophysiology in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia
(2016)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia are the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Since the number of individuals with AD and dementia is expected to increase considerably in the near future, reliable treatment and ...
Neuropeptides and Behaviour: From Motivation to Psychopathology
(2017)
The discovery of the involvement of neuropeptides with behaviours other than regulatory motivated ones took place in the midst of 1960’s with David de Wied’s first report on the influence of pituitary peptides on memory. ...
Neuropeptide GPCRs in Neuroendocrinology
(2014)
The human genome encompasses ~ 860 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including 374 non-chemosensory GPCRs. Half of these latter GPCRs recognize (neuro)peptides as natural ligands. GPCRs thus play a pivotal role in ...
Mental Imagery in Clinical Disorders
(2017)
Mental imagery refers to the mental simulation or recreation of perceptual experience across different sensory modalities. The exploration of mental imagery represents a new and important area within clinical psychology, ...
Microbial Ecology of Arid Terrestrial Systems
(2016)
Water is usually referred to as the ‘Molecule of Life’. It constitutes the most abundant molecule in living (micro)organisms and is also essential for critical biochemical reactions, both for the global functioning and ...
Microbial Connections Between the Subsurface Sulfur Cycle and Other Elemental Cycles
(2018)
Sulfur has many redox states and is a major metabolite in suboxic and anaerobic environments including, but not restricted to, marine and marginal marine sediments, the water column of oxygen minimum zones, salt marshes ...
Microbial Exopolysaccharides: From Genes to Applications
(2016)
Microbial polysaccharides represent an attractive alternative to those from plants or macro algae. They can be produced from renewable sources including lignocellulosic waste streams. Their production does not depend on ...
Microbial Ecology in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
(2018)
The microbial community in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is dominated by unicellular microorganisms less than a few micrometers in size. Despite the persistent low nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton ...
Microbial Exopolymers: Sources, Chemico-Physiological Properties, and Ecosystem Effects in the Marine Environment
(2018)
Microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in marine environments secrete a diverse array of exopolymeric substances that facilitate attachment to surfaces, the formation of organic colloids and larger aggregations ...
Microbial Food Safety Along The Dairy Chain
(2017)
The dairy chain is an integral part of global food supply, with dairy food products a staple component of recommended healthy diets. The dairy food chain from production through to the consumer is complex, with various ...
Microbial mechanisms of tolerance to weak acids: an overview
(2014)
Carboxylic acids are ubiquitous molecules found in microbial metabolic pathways and that have been explored for a wide array of applications including food preservation (e.g., acetic, propionic, benzoic, and sorbic acids), ...
Music and Disorders of Consciousness: Emerging Research, Practice and Theory
(2017)
Music processing in severely brain-injured patients with disorders of consciousness has been an emergent field of interest for over 30 years, spanning the disciplines of neuroscience, medicine, the arts and humanities. ...
Myelin-Mediated Inhibition of Axonal Regeneration: Past, Present, and Future
(2017)
Pioneering studies conducted in the 1980’s laid the foundation for the hypothesis that axonal regeneration is limited by CNS myelin, and the identification of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), Nogo, and oligodendrocyte ...
Myofilament Function in Health and Disease
(2017)
The present E-book, consisting of a compilation of original articles and reviews, presents how myofilaments are regulated in cardiac and skeletal muscles and trigger contraction. Additionally, this E-book gives insights ...
Modulating Prokaryotic Lifestyle by DNA-Binding Proteins
(2017)
The Overview of the Topic was the following: “One of the most active areas of research in molecular microbiology has been the study of how bacteria modulate their genetic activity and its consequences. The prokaryotic world ...
Modularity in motor control: from muscle synergies to cognitive action representation
(2016)
Mastering a rich repertoire of motor behaviors, as humans and other animals do, is a surprising and still poorly understood outcome of evolution, development, and learning. Many degrees-of-freedom, non-linear dynamics, and ...
Modulators of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis for the control of spermatogenesis and sperm quality in vertebrates
(2014)
Spermatogenesis is a process highly conserved throughout vertebrate species and is mainly under hypothalamic-pituitary control. It occurs in the testis in a stepwise fashion so that committed spermatogonia develop into ...
Natural Killer Cells in Human Diseases: Friends or Foes?
(2018)
NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that share some features with adaptive immune cells like T cells. They are well known for their importance to control viral infections and tumor development, but also ...
The Neuronal Functions of EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding Proteins 2nd Edition
(2016)
Ca2+ signaling in neurons is characterized by highly restricted and dynamic gradients called Ca2+ waves, spikes, transients and puffs depending upon their corresponding spatial and temporal features. Based on this strict ...
Neuromodulation of Executive Circuits
(2016)
High-order executive tasks involve the interplay between frontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical brain regions. In particular, the frontal cortex, striatum and thalamus interact via parallel fronto-striatal "loops" ...
Neuronal Mechanics and Transport
(2016)
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided ...
Neuronal and Psychological Underpinnings of Pathological Gambling
(2014)
Like in the case of drugs, gambling hijacks reward circuits in a brain which is not prepared to receive such intense stimulation. Dopamine is normally released in response to reward and uncertainty in order to allow animals ...
Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications
(2015)
Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such ...
Neuronal and glial structural plasticity induced by drugs of abuse
(2015)
Drugs of abuse induce a host of alterations in brain structure and function, ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in discrete brain regions. ...