Publications
Now showing items 1201-1260 of 1372
Stress Field Control of Eruption Dynamics
(2017)
Increasing evidence supports the claim that stress changes play a fundamental role in triggering volcanic eruptions. Stress changes may vary in origin to include earthquakes, erosion and landslide processes, deglaciation, ...
Structure and Function of Chloroplasts
(2019)
Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth. Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic ...
Students at Risk of School Failure
(2018)
The main objective of this Research Topic is to determine the conditions that place students at risk of school failure, identifying student and context variables. In spite of the fact that there is currently little doubt ...
The Social Nature of Emotions
(2016)
Emotion is a defining aspect of the human condition. Emotions pervade our social and professional lives, they affect our thinking and behavior, and they profoundly shape our relationships and social interactions. Emotions ...
Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Using Biologic Tissue Matrix: Where Do We Stand?
(2018)
Soft-tissue reconstruction for a variety of surgical conditions, such as abdominal wall hernia, hiatal hernia, stomal hernia, anal fistula and pelvic floor replacement remains a challenge. There is an insufficient level ...
Theories of Visual Attention - linking cognition, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology
(2015)
The Neural Theory of Visual Attention of Bundesen, Habekost, and Kyllingsbæk (2005) was proposed as a neural interpretation of Bundesen’s (1990) theory of visual attention (TVA). In NTVA, visual attention functions via two ...
Synaptic Assembly and Neural Circuit Development
(2018)
Synapses are fundamental signaling units of the central nervous system that mediate communication between individual neurons, participate in the computation of neuronal networks, and process information through long-term ...
Synaesthesia
(2015)
Synaesthesia is a rare experience in which one property of a stimulus evokes a secondary experience that is not typically associated with the first (e.g. hearing words can evoke tastes). In recent years a number of studies ...
Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events
(2017)
Trees are among the longest-living organisms. They are sensitive to extreme climatic events and document the effects of environmental changes in form of structural modifications of their tissues. These modifications represent ...
Sub- and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development
(2016)
Time perception in the range of milliseconds to a few seconds is essential for many important sensory and perceptual tasks including speech perception, motion perception, motor coordination, and cross-modal interaction. ...
Sugar and Spice, and Everything Nice: Exploring Prosocial Development Through Infancy and Early Childhood
(2015)
Prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping, and comforting begin to emerge early in development. The presence of these prosocial behaviors is important not only in childhood, but throughout one’s lifetime, as behaving ...
Surveying Antimicrobial Resistance: Approaches, Issues, and Challenges to Overcome
(2017)
Why Antibiotic Resistance? The use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine may have consequences beyond their intended applications. The “One Health” concept recognizes that the health of humans is connected to the ...
The Trigemino-Cardiac Reflex: Beyond the Diving Reflex
(2018)
The trigemino-cardiac reflex (TCR) is a well established brain-stem reflex and commonly manifests as bradycardia, asystole, hypotension and / or apnea. This phenomenon was extensively explored in the recent past. However, ...
Tropical Forest Ecosystem Responses to Increasing Nutrient Availability
(2017)
Deforestation and land use change have led to a strong reduction of tropical forest cover during the last decades. Climate change will amplify the pressure to the remaining refuges in the next years. In addition, tropical ...
The truth in complexes: why unraveling ion channel multi-protein signaling nexuses is critical for understanding the function of the nervous system
(2015)
In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite ...
Turning the Mind's Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory
(2016)
Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow ...
The two-way link between eating behavior and brain metabolism
(2016)
This research topic collected and connected information concerning both the underlying metabolic mechanisms and consequences of eating behaviors. These two aspects are tremendously important for a better understanding of ...
Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Relative SUMO in DNA Damage Response
(2018)
DNA damage response (DDR) is a term that includes a variety of highly sophisticated mechanisms that cells have evolved in safeguarding the genome from the deleterious consequences of DNA damage. It is estimated that every ...
Ubiquitin and the Brain: Roles of Proteolysis in the Normal and Abnormal Nervous System
(2017)
Proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in the nervous system has been extensively studied both in the context of normal physiological function as well as abnormal pathological conditions. Although ubiquitin ...
The Underrepresentation of Women in Science: International and Cross-Disciplinary Evidence and Debate
(2018)
There is no shortage of articles and books exploring women’s underrepresentation in science. Everyone is interested--academics, politicians, parents, high school girls (and boys), women in search of college majors, ...
Undergraduate Education for Public Health in the United States
(2015)
Undergraduate programs in public health are growing rapidly. At colleges and universities throughout the United States, both the number of programs and the number of students have expanded greatly in the past decade. In ...
Understanding Social Signals: How Do We Recognize the Intentions of Others?
(2016)
Powerful and economic sensors such as high definition cameras and corresponding recognition software have become readily available, e.g. for face and motion recognition. However, designing user interfaces for robots, phones ...
Understanding the Human Factor of the Energy Transition: Mechanisms Underlying Energy-Relevant Decisions and Behaviors
(2016)
An increasing number of countries are shifting toward sustainable energy economies, emphasizing the use of renewable energy sources, increases in energy efficiency and the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. The success ...
Understanding Selfies
(2018)
In the year 2013, ‘selfie’ was named word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries in recognition of dramatic changes in frequency, prominence, and register of the term. This drastic increase in selfie-taking was spurred by two ...
Systems Biology of Transcription Regulation
(2016)
Transcription regulation is a complex process that can be considered and investigated from different perspectives. Traditionally and due to technical reasons (including the evolution of our understanding of the underlying ...
Systems Biology Approaches to Understanding the Cause and Treatment of Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders
(2014)
Development of powerful new high- throughput technologies for probing the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome is driving the rapid acquisition of information on the function of molecular systems. The importance of these ...
Systems biology and ecology of microbial mat communities
(2016)
Microbial mat communities consist of dense populations of microorganisms embedded in exopolymers and/or biomineralized solid phases, and are often found in mm-cm thick assemblages, which can be stratified due to environmental ...
Systems Biology and the Challenge of Deciphering the Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Cancer
(2017)
Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s cancer has been tightly associated with the genetic and metabolic state of the cell. One of the hallmarks of cancer is the alteration of the cellular metabolism in ...
Tailoring NK Cell Receptor-Ligand Interactions: an Art in Evolution. 2nd Edition
(2018)
Recognition and killing of aberrant, infected or tumor targets by Natural Killer (NK) cells is mediated by positive signals transduced by activating receptors upon engagement of ligands on target surface. These stimulatory ...
Tailoring NK Cell Receptor-Ligand Interactions: An Art in Evolution
(2018)
Recognition and killing of aberrant, infected or tumor targets by Natural Killer (NK) cells is mediated by positive signals transduced by activating receptors upon engagement of ligands on target surface. These stimulatory ...
Taking a hands-on approach: Current perspectives on the effect of hand position on vision
(2015)
An exciting new line of research that investigates the impact of one’s own hands on visual processing has flourished in the past several years. Specifically, several studies have demonstrated that objects near the hands ...
Tau oligomers
(2014)
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of intracellular aggregates of tau protein are a key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed tauopathies. The ...
Targeting thyroid cancer microenvironment and epigenetic signalling: new frontiers in cancer endocrinology basic and clinical research
(2014)
This Research Topic is devoted to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of Human Thyroid Cancers. Original research describing functional studies of genetic mutations that shed novel insights into the aetiology and ...
Targeting PI3K/mTOR signaling in cancer
(2014)
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR pathway integrates signals from growth factors with nutrient signals and other conditions and controls multiple cell responses, including proliferation, survival and metabolism. ...
Time and Causality
(2014)
The problem of how humans and other intelligent systems construct causal representations from non-causal perceptual evidence has occupied scholars in cognitive science for many decades. Most contemporary approaches agree ...
Supraspinal Control of Automatic Postural Responses Which Pathway Does What?
(2017)
Rapid corrective actions, termed automatic postural responses, are essential to counter the destabilizing effect of mechanical perturbations during natural behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated that automatic ...
Surgical Infections
(2018)
Surgical infections are caused by the breakdown of the equilibrium existing between organisms and the host. This may occur after a breach in a protective surface, as occurs after surgical trauma, changes in host resistance, ...
Triage in Conservation
(2018)
Ecosystems and their constituent species the world over face a barrage of ongoing, and often escalating, threats. Conservation efforts aim to reduce the impact of these threats to ensure that global biodiversity continues ...
Tumor Cell/Dendritic Cell Interactions and the Influence of Tumors on Dendritic Cell-mediated Anti-Tumor Immune Responses and Dendritic Cell-Based Tumor Immunotherapies
(2014)
Significant efforts over the last two decades have been made to better understand the factors that control DC maturation and activation and the impact of these processes on overall host immunity. In addition to the ...
Tumor Hypoxia: Impact in Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutics
(2017)
Hypoxic regions have been identified within tumors and its presence has been linked to malignant progression, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and poor clinical outcomes following treatment. Acute and chronic hypoxia are ...
Twenty Years After the Iowa Gambling Task: Rationality, Emotion, and Decision-Making
(2018)
The world is full of uncertainty. In unpredictable circumstances, can emotions facilitate advantageous decision-making? A neuroscience team, led by Antonio Damasio, explored this question using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). ...
Type I Chaperonins: Mechanism and Beyond
(2018)
Type I chaperonins are key players in maintaining the proteome of bacteria and organelles of bacterial origin. They are well known for their crucial role in mediating protein folding. For almost three decades, the molecular ...
Type I Interferon in Human Autoimmunity
(2015)
The type I interferon system plays a critical role in host defense in health, and a growing body of literature suggests that type I interferon is a critical mediator of human autoimmune disease. Type I interferons function ...
The Uncanny Valley Hypothesis and Beyond
(2018)
A field of theory and research is evolving around the question highlighted in the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis: How does high realism in anthropomorphic design influence human experience and behaviour? The Uncanny Valley ...
Understanding Developmental Dyslexia: Linking Perceptual and Cognitive Deficits to Reading Processes
(2016)
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for developmental dyslexia (DD) is a key challenge for researchers. A large literature, mostly concerned with learning to read in opaque orthographies, emphasizes phono-logical ...
Understanding Crohn's Disease: Immunity, Genes and Microbes
(2017)
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory bowel disease resulting in considerable morbidity and reduced quality of life. Although still under intense debate, CD seems to result from an enhanced and ...
Understanding the Role of Time-Dimension in the Brain Information Processing
(2017)
Optimized interaction of the brain with environment requires the four-dimensional representation of space-time in the neuronal circuits. Information processing is an important part of this interaction, which is critically ...
Understanding the Successful Coordination of Team Behavior
(2017)
In many areas of human life, people perform in teams. These teams’ performances depend, at least partly, on team members’ abilities to coordinate their contributions effectively. This includes the making of decisions and ...
T Cell Regulation by the Environment
(2015)
Naïve T cells get activated upon encounter with their cognate antigen and differentiate into a specific subset of effector cells. These T cells are themselves plastic and are able to re-differentiate into another subset, ...
Today’s Nutrition and Tomorrow’s Public Health: Challenges and Opportunities
(2016)
At the dawn of the third millennium, we are confronted with a disturbing phenomenon: although global life expectancy still increases, this is not the case for healthy life expectancy! The explanation of this seemingly ...
Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Immunity vs. Tolerance
(2015)
The innate immune system has evolved means to recognize and react suitably to foreign entities such as infectious agents. In many cases infectious microorganisms threaten the integrity and function of the target organs or ...
Touch Screen Tablets Touching Children's Lives
(2018)
Touch screen tablets have greatly expanded the technology accessible to preschoolers, toddlers and even infants, given that they do not require the fine motor skills required for using traditional computers. Many parents ...
Toward a Unified View of the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off: Behaviour, Neurophysiology and Modelling
(2016)
Everyone is familiar with the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). To make good choices, we need to balance the conflicting demands of fast and accurate decision making. After all, hasty decisions often lead to poor choices, ...
Towards a New Cognitive Neuroscience: Modeling Natural Brain Dynamics
(2014)
Decades of brain imaging experiments have revealed important insights into the architecture of the human brain and the detailed anatomic basis for the neural dynamics supporting human cognition. However, technical restrictions ...
Towards a molecular classification of colorectal cancer
(2015)
In 2007, Jeremy Jass proposed a molecular classification of colorectal cancer including KRAS, BRAF, Mismatch Repair, CIMP and MGMT Status. Since then, many prognostic and predictive studies have been published on this ...
Towards an Integrated Approach to Measurement, Analysis and Modeling of Cortical Networks
(2016)
The amount of data being produced by neuroscientists is increasing rapidly, driven by advances in neuroimaging and recording techniques spanning multiple scales of resolution. The availability of such data poses significant ...
Towards an embodied science of intersubjectivity: Widening the scope of social understanding research
(2015)
An important amount of research effort in psychology and neuroscience over the past decades has focused on the problem of social cognition. This problem is understood as how we figure out other minds, relying only on ...
Towards embodied artificial cognition: TIME is on my side
(2015)
From the moment of birth, humans and animals are immersed in time: all experiences and actions evolve in time and are dynamically structured. The perception of time is thus a capacity indispensable for the control of ...
Towards Elimination of Dog Mediated Human Rabies
(2017)
Rabies is an ancient zoonotic viral disease that still exerts a high impact on human and animal health. The disease is almost 100% fatal after clinical signs appear, and it kills tens of thousands of people per year ...