Publications
Now showing items 1261-1320 of 1372
Towards translating research to clinical practice: Novel Strategies for Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers for Brain Injury
(2015)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability and one of the greatest unmet needs in medicine and public health. TBI not only has devastating effects on patients and their relatives but results in ...
Tox21 Challenge to Build Predictive Models of Nuclear Receptor and Stress Response Pathways as Mediated by Exposure to Environmental Toxicants and Drugs
(2017)
Tens of thousands of chemicals are released into the environment every day. High-throughput screening (HTS) has offered a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional toxicity tests that can profile these ...
Toxicity of Pesticides on Health and Environment
(2018)
Public policy is regularly shaken by health crises or unexpected discoveries; future directions in toxicology assessment are therefore urgently needed. Convergent evidences suggest endocrine or nervous disrupting effects ...
Transcriptional Regulation in Cancers and Metabolic Diseases
(2015)
The transcription factor (TF) mediated regulation of gene expression is a process fundamental to all biological and physiological processes. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications of TFs affect target gene expression ...
Transcellular Cycles Underlying Neurotransmission
(2015)
Synaptic transmission demands the operation of a highly specialized metabolic machinery involving the transfer of metabolites and neurotransmitters between neurons, astrocytes and microvessels. In the last years, important ...
The Transcriptional Regulation of Memory
(2016)
The formation of various forms of memory involves a series of distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are not fully understood. There are highly conserved pathways that are involved in learning, memory, ...
Transfer Cells
(2015)
Transfer cells are anatomically specialized cells optimized to support high levels of nutrient transport in plants. These cells trans-differentiate from existing cell types by developing extensive and localized wall ingrowth ...
Transitions Between Consciousness and Unconsciousness
(2018)
Over the last years, a large body of experimental data have been generated in the attempt to understand consciousness and its neural underpinnings. In this respect, particular interest has been paid to the attempt to ...
Transplant Rejection and Tolerance: Advancing the Field through Integration of Computational and Experimental Investigations
(2017)
Organ transplantation is a life-saving surgical procedure through which the functionality of a failing organ system can be restored. However, without the life-long administration of immunosuppressive drugs, the recipient’s ...
Trauma; Psychosis and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(2017)
There is abundant evidence showing a strong association between trauma exposure, psychotic symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Early trauma exposure contributes to the formation of psychotic symptoms and ...
Traumatic Brain Injury as a Systems Neuroscience Problem
(2017)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is traditionally viewed as an anatomic and neuropathological condition. Caring for TBI patients is a matter of defining the extent of an anatomical lesion, managing this lesion, and minimizing ...
The Treatment of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in New Era of Personalised Medicine
(2015)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Canada and USA. Majority of the patients present in advanced stage of the disease and of these only about 2% will be alive at 5 years. NSCLC is the most common ...
Trends in Neuroergonomics: A Comprehensive Overview
(2017)
This Research Topic is dedicated to Raja Parasuraman who unexpectedly passed on March 22nd 2015. Raja Parasuraman’s pioneering work led the emergence of Neuroergonomics as a new scientific field. He combined his research ...
Trends in Comparative Endocrinology and Neurobiology
(2018)
The comparative approach takes advantage of the biological diversity to select the most appropriate model organism to tackle a scientific question. Comparisons between the endocrine and nervous systems accross species have ...
Trends in Regulatory Peptides
(2018)
Regulatory peptides represent the most diverse and versatile family of messenger molecules. They are produced by all living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. ...
Trends in Neuroendocrinology
(2016)
Neuroendocrinology is the discipline that investigates the interplay between the nervous and endocrine systems i.e. the control of endocrine glands by the central and peripheral nervous systems, the action of hormones on ...
Testis cancer: Genes, environment, hormones
(2015)
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer in males aged 20-40 years, with a worldwide incidence of 7.5 per 100,000, but the rates vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups and there is evidence also for ...
Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex
(2015)
Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and ...
Women's Under-Representation in the Engineering and Computing Professions: Fresh Perspectives on a Complex Problem
(2018)
Understanding the many complexities that define gender inequality has been described by researchers as a grand challenge. Novel insights, innovation, a broader community to conduct research and to ascertain effective ...
Work-Life Balance: Essential or Ephemeral?
(2017)
Burn-out and suicide rates among physicians and scientists in academic medicine are at an all-time high and jeopardize the future of our entire profession. In the last 4 years alone, burn-out rates among physicians have ...
Thalamic Function - Beyond a Simple Relay
(2016)
The thalamus is often described as a relay. Typified by sensory pathways, this concept leads to thalamic nuclei being viewed as areas that passively streams information from a single source to the cortex, without affecting ...
Unmet Needs in Dystonia
(2017)
This Research Topic contains proceedings of the final conference for COST Action BM1101 “Network of dystonia syndromes”. The topic highlights consolidated knowledge and unmet needs in a field that is evolving very fast. ...
Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement
(2017)
Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones’ already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates ...
Variability and Individual Differences in Early Social Perception and Social Cognition
(2016)
Over the past three decades mounting evidence has suggested that infants’ social perceptual and social cognitive abilities are considerably richer than was once thought. By the end of the second year of life, infants ...
The Variable Mind? How Apparently Inconsistent Effects Might Inform Model Building
(2016)
Model building is typically based on the identification of a set of established facts in any given field of research, insofar as the model is then evaluated on how well it accounts for these facts. Psychology – and ...
The unfolded protein response in virus infections
(2015)
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular adaptive response for restoring endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in response to ER stress. Perturbation of the UPR and failure to restore ER homeostasis inevitably leads ...
Use of Saliva in Diagnosis of Periodontitis: Cumulative Use of Bacterial and Host-Derived Biomarkers
(2017)
Periodontitis is an infection-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth supporting tissues. Treatment of periodontal diseases and regeneration of the effected tissues can be possible only in the early diagnosis of the ...
The Temporal Dynamics of Cognitive Processing
(2016)
From our ability to attend to many stimuli occurring in rapid succession to the transformation of memories during a night of sleep, cognition occurs over widely varying time scales spanning milliseconds to days and beyond. ...
Ways to improve tumor uptake and penetration of drugs into solid tumors
(2014)
The main scope of this topic is to give an update on pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to enhance uptake and penetration of cancer drugs into tumors. Inadequate accumulation of drugs in tumors has emerged over ...
When Chemistry Meets Biology - Generating Innovative Concepts, Methods and Tools for Scientific Discovery in the Plant Sciences
(2016)
Biologically active small molecules have increasingly been applied in plant biology to dissect and understand biological systems. This is evident from the frequent use of potent and selective inhibitors of enzymes or other ...
When (and How) Is Theory of Mind Useful? Evidence from Life-Span Research
(2017)
Theory of Mind (ToM) or mentalization is the ability to understand and foresee the behavior referring to one’s own and others’ mental states (Premack & Woodruff, 1978; Wimmer & Perner, 1983). This capacity, which is ...
Viruses threatening stable production of cereal crops
(2015)
Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, and rice account for a majority of biomass produced globally in agriculture. Continuous economic and population growth especially in developing countries accompanied more intensive ...
Virus Ecology and Disturbances: Impact of Environmental Disruption on the Viruses of Microorganisms
(2015)
Viruses infect numerous microorganisms including, predominantly, Bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) but also Archaea, Protists, and Fungi. They are the most abundant and ubiquitous biological entities on Earth and are ...
Virus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities
(2017)
Since the late 1800s, the discovery of new viruses was a gradual process. Viruses were described one by one using a suite of techniques such as (electron) microscopy and viral culture. Investigators were usually interested ...
Tertiary Lymphoid Organs (TLOs): Powerhouses of Disease Immunity
(2017)
The immune system employs TLOs to elicit highly localized and forceful responses to unresolvable peripheral tissue inflammation. Current data indicate that TLOs are protective but they may also lead to collateral tissue ...
Unraveling Neuroprotective and Neurodegenerative Signals in Neurodegeneration
(2016)
Proteinopathy is a collective term used to classified neurodegenerative diseases associated with the progressive accumulation of toxic protein molecules in specific brain regions. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a well-known ...
Update on the Treatment of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in New Era of Personalised Medicine
(2018)
Lung Cancer remains a major cause of death in of both women and men in our society. Lung cancer treatment paradigms have changed enormously as we’ve started to understand the genetic complexity and the multiple driver ...
Update on Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula
(2017)
Oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (OA-TOF) is a congenital digestive malformation. With improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, survival rates now exceed 90% and OA-TOF is no more just a ...
Using neurophysiological signals that reflect cognitive or affective state
(2015)
What can we learn from spontaneously occurring brain and other physiological signals about an individual’s cognitive and affective state and how can we make use of this information? One line of research that is actively ...
Using Noise to Characterize Vision
(2016)
Noise has been widely used to investigate the processing properties of various visual functions (e.g. detection, discrimination, attention, perceptual learning, averaging, crowding, face recognition), in various populations ...
Using Stress-Based Animal Models to Understand the Mechanisms Underlying Psychiatric and Somatic Disorders
(2017)
Chronic or repeated stress, particularly psychosocial stress, is an acknowledged risk factor for numerous affective and somatic disorders in modern societies. Thus, there is substantial evidence showing that chronic stress ...
Using Paleolimnology for Lake Restoration and Management
(2017)
This e-book presents state-of-the-art research projects and opinions on using paleolimnology for lake restoration and managment. It illustrates the general idea that proposing adequate restoration and managment solutions ...
Telemedicine in Low-Resource Settings
(2015)
Telemedicine networks to support healthcare workers in resource-limited settings (often for humanitarian purposes) have evolved over the last decade or so in a largely autonomous way. Communication between them has been ...
Wet and Dry Periods in Regions Surrounding the Atlantic Ocean Basin
(2016)
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceanic divisions. It is bounded by the continents of America, Europe and Africa and at its polewards margins by the Arctic and the Southern Oceans. Different climatic ...
Why Have Cortical Layers? What Is the Function of Layering? Do Neurons in Cortex Integrate Information Across Different Layers?
(2018)
This research topic was suggested by Robert Sachdev to bring together a series of articles dealing with the laminar organization of the neocortex. By convention, there are six cortical layers but this number may vary ...
Why and how is the self related to the brain midline regions?
(2014)
What the self is and where it comes from has been one of the great problems of philosophy for thousands of years. As science and medicine have progressed this question has moved to also become a central one in psychology, ...
Visual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A View into the Mechanisms of Madness?
(2015)
Research on visual perception in schizophrenia has a long history. However, it is only recently that it has been included in mainstream efforts to understand the cognitive neuroscience of the disorder and to assist with ...
Visual Mismatch Negativity (vMMN) a Prediction Error Signal in the Visual Modality
(2015)
Current theories of visual change detection emphasize the importance of conscious attention to detect unexpected changes in the visual environment. However, an increasing body of studies shows that the human brain is capable ...
Visual perception and visual cognition in healthy and pathological ageing
(2014)
Our understanding of visual perception and visual cognition has advanced considerably over the last decades. The effects of ageing on visual perception and visual cognition are less well understood. This Research Topic ...
Value and Reward Based Learning in Neurobots
(2015)
Organisms are equipped with value systems that signal the salience of environmental cues to their nervous system, causing a change in the nervous system that results in modification of their behavior. These systems are ...
Wheeled Mobility Biomechanics
(2016)
For the manual wheelchair (MWC) user, loss of lower extremity function often places the burden for mobility and activities of daily living on the upper extremities. This e-book on Wheeled Mobility Biomechanics contains ...
Video Games as Tools to Achieve Insight into Cognitive Processes
(2015)
Though traditionally designed for entertainment, video games are being used more and more by psychologists to understand topics such as skill acquisition, cognitive capacity and plasticity, aging, individual differences, ...
The Vascular Niche in Tissue Repair: A Therapeutic Target for Regeneration
(2018)
Tissues and organs have, although sometimes limited, the capacity for endogenous repair, which is aimed to re-establish integrity and homeostasis. Tissue repair involves pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, new tissue ...
Vascular Inflammation in Systemic Autoimmunity
(2017)
Plasticity and dynamism characterize the immune system as a tissue-integrating network with defensive functions. Blood and lymphatic vessel trees constitute the most evident and intuitive physical platform for the development ...
What Is the Role for Effective Pedagogy In Contemporary Higher Education?
(2018)
The number of students entering into Higher Education (HE) continues to grow and as such the sector now stands at the threshold of a major shift in its philosophy. No longer does the academic prerogative belong to a ...
What makes written words so special to the brain
(2015)
Reading is an integral part of life in today's information-driven societies. Since the pioneering work of Dejerine on "word blindness" in brain-lesioned patients, the literature has increased exponentially, from ...
What levels of explanation in the behavioural sciences?
(2015)
Complex systems are to be seen as typically having multiple levels of organization. For instance, in the behavioural and cognitive sciences, there has been a long lasting trend, promoted by the seminal work of David Marr, ...
The Vestibular System in Cognitive and Memory Processes in Mammals
(2016)
Since the beginning of life, all plant and animal kingdoms have been developed or modified based on gravity along with atmospheric composition and solar radiation existing on Earth. Gravity is mainly encoded by the otolithic ...
Vestibular Contributions to Health and Disease
(2018)
This eBook reviews recent developments in vestibular physiology and pathophysiology and covers a range of topics, including diagnostic tests, treatment approaches, central and peripheral vestibular mechanisms, and ...
Viral Interactions with the Nucleus
(2017)
Viruses cause numerous medically important diseases, affecting developing, developed, rich and poor alike. The diseases vary in severity, including chickenpox, smallpox, influenza, shingles, herpes, rabies, polio, Ebola, ...