Publications
Now showing items 1321-1372 of 1372
Versatile roles of organelle outer membranes in intracellular communication
(2015)
This topic covers emerging knowledge about the properties and functions of the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria. These outer membranes house various processes necessary for efficient communication and thus ...
What we learn and when we learn it: sensitive periods in development
(2014)
The impact of training or experience is not the same at all points in development. Children who receive music lessons, or learn a second language before age 7-8 are more proficient as adults. Early exposure to drugs or ...
Vision in Cephalopods
(2018)
Cephalopods usually have large and mobile eyes with which they constantly scan their environment. The eyes of cephalopods are single-chamber eyes which show resemblance to vertebrate eyes. However there are marked differences ...
The world according to zebrafish: How neural circuits generate behaviour
(2014)
Understanding how the brain functions is one of the most ambitious current scientific goals. This challenge will only be accomplish by a multidisciplinary approach involving genetics, molecular biology, optics, ethology, ...
The Vasopressin System and Behavior
(2018)
Vasopressin and its homologues are evolutionarily ancient neuropeptides that are important to the neural modulation of behavior in many species. Over the last several decades there has been an emergence of cross-species ...
What Determines Social Behavior? Investigating the Role of Emotions, Self-Centered Motives, and Social Norms
(2016)
Human behavior and decision making is subject to social and motivational influences such as emotions, norms and self/other regarding preferences. The identification of the neural and psychological mechanisms underlying ...
What can we make of theories of embodiment and the role of the human mirror neuron system?
(2016)
In recent years, work surrounding theories of embodiment and the role of the putative mirror neuron system (MNS) in humans has gained considerable attention. If humans have developed a net-work of neurons that fire in ...
What can simple brains teach us about how vision works
(2015)
Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have ...
What can neuroscience learn from contemplative practices?
(2016)
A recent wave of brain research has advanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms of conscious states, contents and functions. A host of questions remain to be explored, as shown by lively debates between models of ...
Vibrio ecology, pathogenesis and evolution
(2014)
Vibrios are Gram-negative bacilli that occur naturally in marine, estuarine, and freshwater systems. Some species include human and animal pathogens capable of causing gastroenteritis, wound infections, cholera, and fatal ...
Virtual Plants: Modeling Plant Architecture in Changing Environments
(2017)
Plant architecture is a major determinant of the resource use efficiency of crops. The architecture of a plant shows ontogenetic structural changes which are modified by multiple environmental factors: Plant canopies are ...
Vaccination Against Mycobacterial Diseases in Animals
(2015)
The two most prominent mycobacterial diseases in animals include bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis and Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Erradication of both ...
Vaccines, Immunotherapy and New Antifungal Therapy Against Fungi: Updates in the New Frontier
(2017)
Invasive fungal diseases have increased many fold over the past 50 years. Current treatment regimens typically require prolonged administration of antifungal medications that can have significant toxicity. Moreover, our ...
The ventricular-subventricular zone: a source of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain
(2014)
Demyelinating diseases are characterized by an extensive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths from axolemma, which commonly result in disability in young adults. To date, there is no effective treatment against these ...
Ventricular Mechanics in Congenital Heart Disease
(2017)
Looking at "Horse in Motion", the iconic photograph by E. Muybridge, it is almost possible to hear the horse galloping. The pounding sound of the hoofs hitting the ground -like a drum- can also echo the rythmic beating of ...
Why vaccines to HIV, HCV and Malaria have so far failed - Challenges to developing vaccines against immunoregulating pathogens
(2016)
Despite continuous progress in the development of anti-viral and anti-bacterial/parasite drugs, the high cost of medicines and the potential for re-infection, especially in high risk groups, suggest that protective vaccines ...
Veterinary Bacterial Zoonoses
(2018)
Humans, animals and microorganisms all share the same planet, the last playing critical roles in the cycling of nitrogen and sulfur in nature and the degradation of organic materials. Unfortunately, micro-organismal ...
Zika Virus: What Have We Learnt Since the Start of the Recent Epidemic?
(2018)
The considerable number of viral infectious disease threats that have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century have shown the need to dispose global and coordinated responses to fight properly and efficiently against ...
Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction
(2016)
The core use of language is in face-to-face conversation. This is characterized by rapid turn-taking. This turn-taking poses a number central puzzles for the psychology of language. Consider, for example, that in large ...
Actinobacteria in Special and Extreme Habitats: Diversity; Function Roles and Environmental Adaptations
(2016)
Actinobacteria are highly diverse prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although various studies have focused on the ecology of this phylum, data are still scant on the diversity, ...
ACTH Action in the Adrenal Cortex: From Molecular Biology to Pathophysiology
(2017)
By stimulating adrenal gland and corticosteroid synthesis, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plays a central role in response to stress. In this Research Topic, a particular attention has been given to the recent ...
Active Aging and Disease Management
(2019)
Population aging and the associated burden of chronic diseases are one of the main challenges in public health worldwide. This Research Topic on "Active Aging and Disease Management" provides a comprehensive overview of ...
Active Touch Sensing
(2014)
Active touch can be described as the control of the position and movement of tactile sensing systems to facilitate information gain. In other words, it is finding out about the world by reaching out and exploring - sensing ...
Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution
(2014)
The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the ...
Adaptive Hot Cognition: How Emotion Drives Information Processing and Cognition Steers Affective Processing
(2017)
Influential theories have argued that affective processing is fundamentally different from cognitive processing. Others have suggested that theoretical boundaries between affective and cognitive processing are artificial ...
All 3 Types of Glial Cells Are Important for Memory Formation
(2016)
The vertebrate brain contains neurons and 3 classical types of glia cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Astrocytes and microglia have mainly been studied in gray matter, whereas oligodendrocytes myelinate ...
Allorecognition by Leukocytes of the Adaptive Immune System
(2018)
The term allorecognition refers to the series of mechanisms used by an individual’s immune system to distinguish its own cells and tissues from those of another individual belonging to the same species. During evolution, ...
Advanced Neuroimaging Methods for Studying Autism Disorder
(2017)
In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, ...
Advancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals
(2019)
Lignocellulosic biomass has great potentials as an alternative feedstock for fuels and chemicals. For effective utilization of biomass, biomass recalcitrance, which is inherent resistance of plant cell walls to biological ...
Advances and Trends in Development of Plant Factories
(2017)
The plant factory is a facility that aids the steady production of high-quality vegetables all year round by artificially controlling the cultivation environment (e.g., light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide ...
"One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel": The plant hormone ethylene, the small molecule and its complexity
(2015)
The gaseous molecule ethylene (C2H4), which is small in size and simple in structure, is a plant hormone most often associated with fruit ripening yet has a diversity of effects throughout the plant life cycle. While its ...
Alterations of Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cell
(2014)
Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells is generally ...
Alternative Models of Addiction
(2015)
For much of the 20th century, theories of addictive behaviour and motivation were polarized between two models. The first model viewed addiction as a moral failure for which addicts are rightly held responsible and judged ...
Alternatives to Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Their Impact in Gut Microbiota, Health and Disease
(2017)
In the context of disease pathogenesis, it has been observed that after inadequate administration of antibiotics, animals become more susceptible to intestinal colonization and organ invasion by enteropathogens, these could ...
Alzheimer's Disease and the Fornix
(2016)
This e-book focuses primarily on the role of the fornix as a functional, prognostic, and diagnostic marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the application of such a marker in clinical practice. Researchers have long been ...
Amino Acids of the Glutamate Family: Functions beyond Primary Metabolism
(2016)
The life of proteins starts and ends as amino acids. In addition to the primary function as protein building blocks, amino acids serve multiple other purposes to make a plant's life worth living. This is true especially ...
Advancements in Algal Biofuels Research - Recent Evaluation of Algal Biomass Production and Conversion Methods of into Fuels and High Value Co-products
(2017)
Algae biomass has enormous potential to produce fuels and value-added products. Algae-derived biofuels and bioproducts offer great promise in contributing to U.S. energy security and in mitigating the environmental concerns ...
Advances in Aspergillus fumigatus pathobiology
(2016)
Aspergillus fumigatus is a human fungal pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA), a major infectious cause of death in the expanding population of immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients and transplant ...
Advances in Ascochyta Research
(2018)
Legume crops provide an excellent source of high quality plant protein and have a key role in arable crop rotations reducing the need for fertilizer application and acting as break-crops. However, these crops are affected ...
(Pushing) the Limits of Neuroplasticity Induced by Adult Language Acquisition
(2018)
Most adults attempt to learn a second or even third language at some point in their life. Since language exposure is one of the most intense cognitive training regimes one can encounter, it is not surprising that previous ...
2015: Which new directions for Alzheimer's disease?
(2015)
According to the World Health Organization, more than 40 million people in the world are affected with dementia. To date, 60-70% of the cases of dementia are attributed to the Alzheimer's disease (AD). This neurodegenerative ...
30 years of the Comet Assay: an overview with some new insights
(2015)
By means of this ‘Frontiers in Genetics’ research topic, we are celebrating 30 years of the Comet Assay. The first paper on this single-cell gel electrophoresis assay was published in 1984 by O. Ostling and K.J. Johanson ...
30 years old: O-GlcNAc Reaches Age of Reason - Regulation of Cell Signaling and Metabolism by O-GlcNAcylation
(2015)
Hundreds post-translational modifications (PTM) were characterized among which a large variety of glycosylations including O-GlcNAcylation. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as an unavoidable PTM widespread ...
50 years after the perceptron, 25 years after PDP: Neural computation in language sciences
(2014)
This Research Topic aims to showcase the state of the art in language research while celebrating the 25th anniversary of the tremendously influential work of the PDP group, and the 50th anniversary of the perceptron. ...
50th Anniversary of Adult Neurogenesis: Olfaction, Hippocampus and Beyond
(2016)
In the mid-sixties, the discovery by Altman and co-workers of neurogenesis in the adult brain changed the previous conception of the immutability of this organ during adulthood sustained among others by Cajal. This discovery ...
The Adrenergic System in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition
(2015)
Cardiovascular diseases pose an enormous clinical challenge, remaining the most common cause of death in the world. ß-adrenoceptors play an important role on cardiac, vascular and/or endothelial function at a cellular level ...
The adrenergic system in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology
(2015)
Cardiovascular diseases pose an enormous clinical challenge, remaining the most common cause of death in the world. ß-adrenoceptors play an important role on cardiac, vascular and/or endothelial function at a cellular level ...
Adult neurogenesis twenty years later: physiological function versus brain repair
(2015)
The discovery that mammalian brains contain neural stem cells which perform adult neurogenesis - the production and integration of new neurons into mature neural circuits - has provided a fully new vision of neural plasticity. ...
Adrenal Cortex: From Physiology to Disease
(2016)
The adrenal gland plays essential roles in the control of body homeostasis, stress and immune responses. The adrenal cortex represents up to 90% of the gland and is specialised in the production of mineralocorticoids, ...
The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-Linguistic Causes of Language Diversity
(2018)
The goal of this eBook is to shed light on the non-linguistic causes of language diversity, and in particular, to explore the possibility that some aspects of the structure of languages may result from an adaptation to the ...
Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction
(2016)
The core use of language is in face-to-face conversation. This is characterized by rapid turn-taking. This turn-taking poses a number central puzzles for the psychology of language. Consider, for example, that in large ...
Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction
(2016)
The core use of language is in face-to-face conversation. This is characterized by rapid turn-taking. This turn-taking poses a number central puzzles for the psychology of language. Consider, for example, that in large ...