Publications
Now showing items 1241-1280 of 1372
Tumor Hypoxia: Impact in Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutics
(2017)
Hypoxic regions have been identified within tumors and its presence has been linked to malignant progression, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and poor clinical outcomes following treatment. Acute and chronic hypoxia are ...
Twenty Years After the Iowa Gambling Task: Rationality, Emotion, and Decision-Making
(2018)
The world is full of uncertainty. In unpredictable circumstances, can emotions facilitate advantageous decision-making? A neuroscience team, led by Antonio Damasio, explored this question using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). ...
Type I Chaperonins: Mechanism and Beyond
(2018)
Type I chaperonins are key players in maintaining the proteome of bacteria and organelles of bacterial origin. They are well known for their crucial role in mediating protein folding. For almost three decades, the molecular ...
Type I Interferon in Human Autoimmunity
(2015)
The type I interferon system plays a critical role in host defense in health, and a growing body of literature suggests that type I interferon is a critical mediator of human autoimmune disease. Type I interferons function ...
The Uncanny Valley Hypothesis and Beyond
(2018)
A field of theory and research is evolving around the question highlighted in the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis: How does high realism in anthropomorphic design influence human experience and behaviour? The Uncanny Valley ...
Understanding Developmental Dyslexia: Linking Perceptual and Cognitive Deficits to Reading Processes
(2016)
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for developmental dyslexia (DD) is a key challenge for researchers. A large literature, mostly concerned with learning to read in opaque orthographies, emphasizes phono-logical ...
Understanding Crohn's Disease: Immunity, Genes and Microbes
(2017)
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory bowel disease resulting in considerable morbidity and reduced quality of life. Although still under intense debate, CD seems to result from an enhanced and ...
Understanding the Role of Time-Dimension in the Brain Information Processing
(2017)
Optimized interaction of the brain with environment requires the four-dimensional representation of space-time in the neuronal circuits. Information processing is an important part of this interaction, which is critically ...
Understanding the Successful Coordination of Team Behavior
(2017)
In many areas of human life, people perform in teams. These teams’ performances depend, at least partly, on team members’ abilities to coordinate their contributions effectively. This includes the making of decisions and ...
T Cell Regulation by the Environment
(2015)
Naïve T cells get activated upon encounter with their cognate antigen and differentiate into a specific subset of effector cells. These T cells are themselves plastic and are able to re-differentiate into another subset, ...
Today’s Nutrition and Tomorrow’s Public Health: Challenges and Opportunities
(2016)
At the dawn of the third millennium, we are confronted with a disturbing phenomenon: although global life expectancy still increases, this is not the case for healthy life expectancy! The explanation of this seemingly ...
Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Immunity vs. Tolerance
(2015)
The innate immune system has evolved means to recognize and react suitably to foreign entities such as infectious agents. In many cases infectious microorganisms threaten the integrity and function of the target organs or ...
Touch Screen Tablets Touching Children's Lives
(2018)
Touch screen tablets have greatly expanded the technology accessible to preschoolers, toddlers and even infants, given that they do not require the fine motor skills required for using traditional computers. Many parents ...
Toward a Unified View of the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off: Behaviour, Neurophysiology and Modelling
(2016)
Everyone is familiar with the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). To make good choices, we need to balance the conflicting demands of fast and accurate decision making. After all, hasty decisions often lead to poor choices, ...
Towards a New Cognitive Neuroscience: Modeling Natural Brain Dynamics
(2014)
Decades of brain imaging experiments have revealed important insights into the architecture of the human brain and the detailed anatomic basis for the neural dynamics supporting human cognition. However, technical restrictions ...
Towards a molecular classification of colorectal cancer
(2015)
In 2007, Jeremy Jass proposed a molecular classification of colorectal cancer including KRAS, BRAF, Mismatch Repair, CIMP and MGMT Status. Since then, many prognostic and predictive studies have been published on this ...
Towards an Integrated Approach to Measurement, Analysis and Modeling of Cortical Networks
(2016)
The amount of data being produced by neuroscientists is increasing rapidly, driven by advances in neuroimaging and recording techniques spanning multiple scales of resolution. The availability of such data poses significant ...
Towards an embodied science of intersubjectivity: Widening the scope of social understanding research
(2015)
An important amount of research effort in psychology and neuroscience over the past decades has focused on the problem of social cognition. This problem is understood as how we figure out other minds, relying only on ...
Towards embodied artificial cognition: TIME is on my side
(2015)
From the moment of birth, humans and animals are immersed in time: all experiences and actions evolve in time and are dynamically structured. The perception of time is thus a capacity indispensable for the control of ...
Towards Elimination of Dog Mediated Human Rabies
(2017)
Rabies is an ancient zoonotic viral disease that still exerts a high impact on human and animal health. The disease is almost 100% fatal after clinical signs appear, and it kills tens of thousands of people per year ...
Towards translating research to clinical practice: Novel Strategies for Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers for Brain Injury
(2015)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability and one of the greatest unmet needs in medicine and public health. TBI not only has devastating effects on patients and their relatives but results in ...
Tox21 Challenge to Build Predictive Models of Nuclear Receptor and Stress Response Pathways as Mediated by Exposure to Environmental Toxicants and Drugs
(2017)
Tens of thousands of chemicals are released into the environment every day. High-throughput screening (HTS) has offered a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional toxicity tests that can profile these ...
Toxicity of Pesticides on Health and Environment
(2018)
Public policy is regularly shaken by health crises or unexpected discoveries; future directions in toxicology assessment are therefore urgently needed. Convergent evidences suggest endocrine or nervous disrupting effects ...
Transcriptional Regulation in Cancers and Metabolic Diseases
(2015)
The transcription factor (TF) mediated regulation of gene expression is a process fundamental to all biological and physiological processes. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications of TFs affect target gene expression ...
Transcellular Cycles Underlying Neurotransmission
(2015)
Synaptic transmission demands the operation of a highly specialized metabolic machinery involving the transfer of metabolites and neurotransmitters between neurons, astrocytes and microvessels. In the last years, important ...
The Transcriptional Regulation of Memory
(2016)
The formation of various forms of memory involves a series of distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are not fully understood. There are highly conserved pathways that are involved in learning, memory, ...
Transfer Cells
(2015)
Transfer cells are anatomically specialized cells optimized to support high levels of nutrient transport in plants. These cells trans-differentiate from existing cell types by developing extensive and localized wall ingrowth ...
Transitions Between Consciousness and Unconsciousness
(2018)
Over the last years, a large body of experimental data have been generated in the attempt to understand consciousness and its neural underpinnings. In this respect, particular interest has been paid to the attempt to ...
Transplant Rejection and Tolerance: Advancing the Field through Integration of Computational and Experimental Investigations
(2017)
Organ transplantation is a life-saving surgical procedure through which the functionality of a failing organ system can be restored. However, without the life-long administration of immunosuppressive drugs, the recipient’s ...
Trauma; Psychosis and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(2017)
There is abundant evidence showing a strong association between trauma exposure, psychotic symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Early trauma exposure contributes to the formation of psychotic symptoms and ...
Traumatic Brain Injury as a Systems Neuroscience Problem
(2017)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is traditionally viewed as an anatomic and neuropathological condition. Caring for TBI patients is a matter of defining the extent of an anatomical lesion, managing this lesion, and minimizing ...
The Treatment of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in New Era of Personalised Medicine
(2015)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Canada and USA. Majority of the patients present in advanced stage of the disease and of these only about 2% will be alive at 5 years. NSCLC is the most common ...
Trends in Neuroergonomics: A Comprehensive Overview
(2017)
This Research Topic is dedicated to Raja Parasuraman who unexpectedly passed on March 22nd 2015. Raja Parasuraman’s pioneering work led the emergence of Neuroergonomics as a new scientific field. He combined his research ...
Trends in Comparative Endocrinology and Neurobiology
(2018)
The comparative approach takes advantage of the biological diversity to select the most appropriate model organism to tackle a scientific question. Comparisons between the endocrine and nervous systems accross species have ...
Trends in Regulatory Peptides
(2018)
Regulatory peptides represent the most diverse and versatile family of messenger molecules. They are produced by all living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. ...
Trends in Neuroendocrinology
(2016)
Neuroendocrinology is the discipline that investigates the interplay between the nervous and endocrine systems i.e. the control of endocrine glands by the central and peripheral nervous systems, the action of hormones on ...
Testis cancer: Genes, environment, hormones
(2015)
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer in males aged 20-40 years, with a worldwide incidence of 7.5 per 100,000, but the rates vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups and there is evidence also for ...
Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex
(2015)
Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and ...
Women's Under-Representation in the Engineering and Computing Professions: Fresh Perspectives on a Complex Problem
(2018)
Understanding the many complexities that define gender inequality has been described by researchers as a grand challenge. Novel insights, innovation, a broader community to conduct research and to ascertain effective ...
Work-Life Balance: Essential or Ephemeral?
(2017)
Burn-out and suicide rates among physicians and scientists in academic medicine are at an all-time high and jeopardize the future of our entire profession. In the last 4 years alone, burn-out rates among physicians have ...