Publications
Now showing items 241-320 of 1372
Disclosure Within HIV-Affected Families
(2018)
While HIV/AIDS is a global public heath challenge, its impact is arguably greatest in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where new infections account for approximately 66% of the total number of HIV-positive persons globally. ...
Dynamics of Joint-Action, Social Coordination and Multi-Agent Activity
(2018)
Coordinating one’s behavior with the behavior of other individuals is a fundamental feature of everyday social interaction. A defining feature of such behavior is that it is dynamic, that is, it evolves over time. This is ...
Dynamics of decision making: from evidence to preference and belief
(2014)
At the core of the many debates throughout cognitive science concerning how decisions are made are the processes governing the time course of preference formation and decision. From perceptual choices, such as whether the ...
Dynamics of cyclic nucleotide signaling in neurons
(2015)
Cyclic nucleotides control a number of neuronal properties including neuronal differentiation, pathfinding, regulation of excitability and synaptic transmission, and control of gene expression. Signaling events mediated ...
Dopaminergic Foundations of Personality and Individual Differences
(2015)
For several decades, theory and research has drawn links between dopaminergic neurotransmission and various aspects of personality and individual differences, as well as major personality processes. Recent increases in the ...
Dissecting the function of networks underpinning language repetition
(2014)
In the 19th century, ground-breaking observations on aphasia by Broca and Wernicke suggested that language function depends on the activity of the cerebral cortex. At the same time, Wernicke and Lichtheim also elaborated ...
Determinants of synaptic information transfer: From Ca2+ binding proteins to Ca2+ signaling domains
(2016)
The cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of neuronal information transfer and processing. It controls a plethora of fundamental processes, including transmitter release and the induction of ...
Development of executive function during childhood
(2016)
Executive function refers to the goal-oriented regulation of one’s own thoughts, actions, and emotions. Its importance is attested by its contribution to the development of other cognitive skills (e.g., theory of mind), ...
The Development of Animal Personality
(2017)
Although the topic of animal personality has recently generated much interest, the role of development is little understood. This collection of papers deals with the development of animal personality. Topics include the ...
Drug Development for Parasite-Induced Diarrheal Diseases
(2017)
One of the top four contributors to the global burden of disease is diarrheal infections. Intestinal parasites are major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases in both the developed and ...
Dynamic systems theory and embodiment in psychotherapy research. A new look at process and outcome
(2016)
In an attempt to cease from reducing the world and its phenomena to linear modeling and analytic dissection, Dynamic Systems Theories (DST) and Embodiment theories and methods aim to account for the complex, dynamic, and ...
A dynamic interplay between membranes and the cytoskeleton critical for cell development and signaling
(2014)
Various cellular processes underlying plant development and response to environmental cues rely on a dynamic interplay between membranes and the cytoskeleton, e.g. vesicle and organelle trafficking, endocytosis, exocytosis, ...
Dynamic Personality Science. Integrating Between-Person Stability and Within-Person Change
(2017)
Personality can be understood from at least two perspectives. One focuses on stable, between-person differences, or traits. The other perspective focuses on within-person differences and dynamics, i.e., fluctuations in ...
Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Nomenclature and Classification
(2016)
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) comprises dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and macrophages (MØs) that together play crucial roles in tissue immunity and homeostasis, but also contribute to a broad spectrum of ...
Current Research and Emerging Directions in Emotion-Cognition Interactions
(2015)
Emotion can impact various aspects of our cognition and behavior, by enhancing or impairing them (e.g., enhanced attention to and memory for emotional events, or increased distraction produced by goal-irrelevant emotional ...
Current Progress and Challenges in the Development of a Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine
(2019)
More than 70 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus, a major cause of liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma world-wide. In the last decade, this cancer has emerged as the second ...
Diverse functions of mucosal resident memory T cells
(2015)
Early studies recognized the unique phenotype and attributes of T cells found in mucosal tissues, such as the intestines, skin, lung and female reproductive tract. This special topic issue will cover many aspects of ...
Drug-Diagnostics Co-Development in Oncology
(2014)
The idea of combining drugs and diagnostics in oncology is not new. When the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen was developed in the 1970’s for the treatment of breast cancer a positive correlation between ...
Drug Repositioning: Current Advances and Future Perspectives
(2019)
Drug repositioning is the process of identifying new indications for existing drugs. At present, the conventional de novo drug discovery process requires an average of about 14 years and US$2.5 billion to approve and launch ...
Eastern Philosophies and Psychology: Towards Psychology of Self-Cultivation
(2017)
The publication of this book, East Asian Philosophies and Psychology: Towards Psychology of Self-cultivation, signifies an important breakthrough for the indigenization movements of psychology which have happened in many ...
DNA, statistics and the law: a cross-disciplinary approach to forensic inference
(2014)
From ABO typing during the first half of the 20th century, to the use of enzymes and protein contained in blood serums and finally direct DNA typing, biology has been serving forensic purposes for many decades. Statistics, ...
Do Both Psychopathology and Creativity Result from a Labile Wake-Sleep-Dream Cycle?
(2017)
Laypeople think of wake, sleep and dreaming as distinct states of the mind/brain but “in-between”, hybrid states are recognized. For example, day-dreaming or, more scientifically, the default network occurs during wake. ...
The CXCR4 Ligand/Receptor Family and the DPP4 Protease in High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients
(2016)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, putting a major burden on life quality and social health care systems. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease ...
Cyanobacteria: The Green E. coli
(2016)
As the world struggles to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and curb greenhouse gas emissions, industrial biotechnology is also ‘going green.’ Escherichia coli has long been used as a model Gram-negative bacterium, not ...
Dialogues in Music Therapy and Music Neuroscience: Collaborative Understanding Driving Clinical Advances
(2017)
Music is a complex, dynamic stimulus with an un-paralleled ability to stimulate a global network of neural activity involved in attention, emotion, memory, communication, motor co-ordination and cognition. As such, it ...
Distributed Networks: New Outlooks on Cerebellar Function
(2015)
Accumulating evidence suggests that the cerebellum subserves functions beyond the sensorimotor realm. This possibility has received considerable attention during the past quarter century, with recent findings revealing ...
Circulation Weather types as a tool in atmospheric, climate and environmental research
(2015)
Classifications of circulation weather systems have a long history in meteorology and climatology. Starting with manual classifications over specific regions of the globe, these tools (generally called “catalogs of synoptic ...
Dual role of microglia in health and disease: pushing the balance towards repair
(2015)
Microglial cells play a vital role in the innate immune response occurring in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Under physiologic conditions, microglia dynamically patrol the brain parenchyma and participate in the remodeling ...
Dual-Use Life Science Research and Biosecurity in the 21st Century: Social, Technical, Policy, and Ethical Challenges
(2015)
In September 2011, scientists announced new experimental findings that would not only threaten the conduct and publication of influenza research, but would have significant policy and intelligence implications. The findings ...
Early and late selection: Effects of load, dilution and salience
(2014)
Our visual system is constantly bombarded by a variety of stimuli, of which only a small part is relevant to the task at hand. As a result, goal-directed behavior requires a high degree of selectivity at some point in the ...
DNA helicases: expression, functions and clinical implications
(2015)
Helicases are the proteins that bind to double- or single-stranded DNA and/or RNA chains to unwind higher order structures, usually consuming energy from the hydrolysis of ATP molecules. The biological roles of helicases ...
DNA Polymerases in Biotechnology
(2015)
DNA polymerases are core tools for molecular biology including PCR, whole genome amplification, DNA sequencing and genotyping. Research has focused on discovery of novel DNA polymerases, characterization of DNA polymerase ...
Developing synaesthesia
(2015)
Synaesthesia is a condition in which a stimulus elicits an additional subjective experience. For example, the letter E printed in black (the inducer) may trigger an additional colour experience as a concurrent (e.g., blue). ...
Developing Stem Cell-Based Therapies For Neural Repair
(2015)
Current pharmacotherapies and surgical intervention provide limited benefit in the treatment of neural injuries or halting disease progression and has resulted in significant hope for the successes of stem cell research. ...
Diacylglycerol Kinase Signalling
(2017)
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) phosphorylate diacylglycerol (DG), catalyzing its conversion into phosphatidic acid (PA). This reaction attenuates membrane DG levels, limiting the localization/activation of signaling proteins ...
Dysregulation of Autonomic Cardiac Control by Traumatic Stress and Anxiety
(2016)
Current understanding of the interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on cardiac response to environmental stimuli and subsequent response selection (e.g. maintenance of resting homeostasis, mobilization ...
The Economics of Protected Marine Species: Concepts in Research and Management
(2016)
Protected marine species have populations that are depleted, decreasing, or are at-risk of extinction or local extirpation. As of 2015 The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a global environmental organization, ...
Climate change and marine top predators
(2016)
Climate change affects all components of marine ecosystems. For endothermic top predators, i.e. seabirds and marine mammals, these impacts are often complex and mediated through trophic relationships. In this Research ...
Dental and Periodontal Tissues Formation and Regeneration: Current Approaches and Future Challenges
(2016)
Sequential and reciprocal interactions between oral epithelial and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells give rise to the teeth and periodontium. Teeth are vital organs containing a rich number of blood vessels ...
Cytokines as Players of Neuronal Plasticity and Sensitivity to Environment in Healthy and Pathological Brain
(2016)
It is now accepted that immune molecules are not only present within the brain during pathology but they exert physiological functions in the "healthy" brain as well. Increasing evidence points to a neuro-modulatory role ...
Digital Transformation of Animal Health Data: Proceedings of the AHEAD 2017 Workshop
(2018)
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems sponsored the AHEAD 2017 workshop, bringing together ...
Dishonest Behavior: From Theory to Practice
(2016)
The rapidly growing field of behavioral ethics shows that dishonest acts are highly prevalent in all walks of life, from corruption among politicians through flagrant cases of doping in sports, to everyday slips and ...
DNA Replication Origins in Microbial Genomes
(2016)
DNA replication, a central event for cell proliferation, is the basis of biological inheritance. Complete and accurate DNA replication is integral to the maintenance of the genetic integrity of organisms. In all three ...
Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism
(2017)
One of the major breakthroughs of the last decade in the understanding of energy homeostasis is the identification of a reciprocal control between circadian rhythmicity and cellular metabolism. Circadian rhythmicity is a ...
Clearing the smokescreen: The current evidence on cannabis use
(2015)
Cannabis remains the most commonly used illicit substance world-wide, with international estimates indicating that 2.8%-4.5% of the global population use cannabis each year. This prevalence rate has not changed substantially ...
Doubled haploidy in model and recalcitrant species
(2016)
Doubled haploids (DHs) are powerful tools to reduce the time and costs needed to produce pure lines to be used in breeding programs. DHs are also useful for genetic mapping of complex qualitative traits, to avoid transgenic ...
Ecophysiology of root systems-environment interaction
(2014)
There is a scarcity of detailed information regarding the ecophysiology of root systems and the way root system functioning is affected by both internal and external factors. Furthermore, global climate change is expected ...
Educational Neuroscience, Constructivist Learning, and the Mediation of Learning and Creativity in the 21st Century
(2015)
The advent of educational neuroscience, a transdisciplinary exercise emerging from cognitive neuroscience and educational psychology, is the examination of physiological processes that undermine, support, and enhance the ...
Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities
(2016)
Nowadays, not only psychologists are interested in the study of Emotional Intelligence (EI). Teachers, educator, managers, employers, and people, in general, pay attention to EI. For example, teachers would like to know ...
Emotion and Aging: Recent Evidence from Brain and Behavior
(2015)
Emotions play a central role in every human life, from the moment we are born until we die. They prepare the body for action, guide decisions, and highlight what should be noticed and remembered. Since emotions are central ...
Emotion and Behavior
(2016)
In this Research Topic, several groups of researchers from both social and biological psychology summarize their findings addressing the relation between emotion and behavior. The Reflective-Impulsive Model (RIM) (Strack ...
Enabling Technologies for Very Large-Scale Synaptic Electronics
(2018)
An important part of the colossal effort associated with the understanding of the brain involves using electronics hardware technology in order to reproduce biological behavior in ‘silico’. The idea revolves around leveraging ...
Enamel Research: Mechanisms and Characterization
(2016)
The rodent incisor is a good model system to study the molecular and cellular events that are involved in enamel biomineralization. Incisors in rodents continuously erupt during their lifespan, thus allowing the study of ...
Evolutionary Feedbacks Between Population Biology and Genome Architecture
(2018)
This eBook presents all 10 articles published under the Frontiers Research Topic "Evolutionary Feedbacks Between Population Biology and Genome Architecture", edited by Scott V. Edwards and Tariq Ezaz. With the rise of rapid ...
The Coevolution of IDO1 and AhR in the Emergence of Regulatory T Cells in Mammals
(2016)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is an ancestral enzyme that, initially confined to the regulation of tryptophan availability in local tissue microenvironments, is now considered to play a wider role that extends to ...
Coding Properties in Invertebrate Sensory Systems
(2017)
Animals rely on sensory input from their environment for survival and reproduction. Depending on the importance of a signal for a given species, accuracy of sensory coding might vary from pure detection up to precise coding ...
Emotional Modulation of the Synapse
(2015)
Highly emotional events tend to be well remembered. The adaptive value in this is clear – those events that have a bearing on survival should be stored for future use as long-term memories whereas memories of inconsequential ...
Encoding and Navigating Linguistic Representations in Memory
(2017)
Successful speaking and understanding requires mechanisms for reliably encoding structured linguistic representations in memory and for effectively accessing information in those representations later. Studying the time-course ...
Energy metabolism
(2014)
Energy metabolism is central to life and altered energy expenditure (EE) is often cited as a central mechanism responsible for development of the obese phenotype. Resting EE, EE of physical activity, cold induced thermogenesis ...
Energy metabolism and behavior in the corticotropin-releasing factor family of peptides
(2015)
Since Hans Selye's seminal work in the 1930s, there have been numerous advances with respect to our understanding of how the nervous and endocrine systems interact to help animals cope with stressors and how chronic stress ...
Evaluation of Building Resilience Under Earthquake Input Using Single, Double and Multiple Impulses
(2017)
This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which ...
Essential Pathways and Circuits of Autism Pathogenesis
(2016)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 68 children in the United states is afflicted with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), yet at this time, there is no cure for the disease. Autism is characterized ...
Emergent Public Health Issues in the US-Mexico Border Region
(2017)
US-Mexico border region area has unique social, demographic and policy forces at work that shape the health of its residents as well as serves as a microcosm of migration health challenges facing an increasingly mobile and ...
Emergent neural computation from the interaction of different forms of plasticity
(2016)
From the propagation of neural activity through synapses, to the integration of signals in the dendritic arbor, and the processes determining action potential generation, virtually all aspects of neural processing are ...
Enzymes from Extreme Environments
(2016)
Enzymes are nature’s biocatalysts empowered with high catalytic power and remarkable substrate specificity. Enzymes perform a wide range of functions throughout nature, and guide the biochemistry of life with great precision. ...
CNS Recovery after Structural and/or Physiological/Psychological Damage
(2016)
There is an assumption that environmental threats could cause important damages in central nervous system. As a consequence, several forms of brain structural plasticity could be affected. The environmentally mediated risks ...
The Cognitive Thalamus
(2015)
Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused ...
The cognitive, emotional and neural correlates of creativity
(2015)
Across species, humans have an unsurpassed capacity for creative thought and innovation. Human creativity is at the roots of extraordinary achievements in the arts and sciences, and enables individuals and their groups to ...
Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition
(2018)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they ...
Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli
(2017)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Transcriptional Reprogramming
(2015)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle responsible for protein folding and assembly, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, and calcium storage. A number of biochemical, physiological, or pathological stimuli can ...
Evidence-Based Programming for Older Adults
(2015)
There is increased world-wide concern about the impact of multiple chronic conditions, especially among the rapidly aging population. Simultaneously, over the past decade there has been an emergence of state-wide and ...
Evidence-Based Practices to Reduce Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults
(2018)
Falls and fall-related injuries among older adults have emerged as serious global health concerns, which place a burden on individuals, their families, and greater society. As fall incidence rates increase alongside our ...
The Evolution and Development of the Antibody Repertoire
(2015)
Although at first glance mechanisms used to create the variable domains of immunoglobulin appear to be designed to generate diversity at random, closer inspection reveals striking evolutionary constraints on the sequence ...
Effects of Game and Game-like Training on Neurocognitive Plasticity
(2016)
Cognitive training is not always effective. This is also the case for the form of cognitive training that this Research Topic focuses on: prolonged performance on game-like cognitive tasks. The ultimate goal of this cognitive ...
The effect of hearing loss on neural processing
(2015)
Efficient auditory processing requires the rapid integration of transient sensory inputs. This is exemplified in human speech perception, in which long stretches of a complex acoustic signal are typically processed accurately ...
Effects of Climate Change Across Ocean Regions
(2018)
The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) highlighted that conditions within Earth’s ocean are changing more rapidly than any of the time during the past 65 million years, and as a consequence, major changes are occurring in ...
The Clinical and Ethical Practice of Neuromodulation - Deep Brain Stimulation and Beyond
(2018)
euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science ...
Clinical Application of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Cranium to Prostate
(2016)
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a relatively recent radiation technique initially developed using a frame-based system in 1949 by a Swedish neurosurgeon, Lars Leksell, for lesions not amendable to surgical resection. Radiosurgery ...
Emerging Technologies to Promote and Evaluate Physical Activity
(2014)
Increasingly, efforts to promote and measure physical activity are achieving greater precision, greater ease of use, and/or greater scope by incorporating emerging technologies. This is significant for physical activity ...