Publications
Now showing items 401-500 of 1372
Expression of emotion in music and vocal communication
(2014)
Two of the most important social skills in humans are the ability to determine the moods of those around us, and to use this to guide our behavior. To accomplish this, we make use of numerous cues. Among the most important ...
Fast Ionic Conductors and Solid-Solid Interfaces Designed for Next Generation Solid-State Batteries
(2018)
The EV Everywhere Grand Challenge requires a breakthrough in energy storage technology. State-of-the-art Li-ion technology is currently used in low volume production plug-in hybrid and niche high performance vehicles; ...
Feedforward and Feedback Processes in Vision
(2015)
The visual system consists of hierarchically organized distinct anatomical areas functionally specialized for processing different aspects of a visual object (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). These visual areas are interconnected ...
Ethylene's Role in Plant Mineral Nutrition
(2016)
Terrestrial plants are sessile organisms that, differently from animals, can not move in searching of the nutrients and water they need. Instead, they have to change continuously their physiology and morphology to adapt ...
Filamentous Bacteriophage in Bio/Nano/Technology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Ecology
(2017)
Filamentous phage (genus Inovirus) infect almost invariably Gram-negative bacteria. They are distinguished from all other bacteriophage not only by morphology, but also by the mode of their assembly, a secretion-like process ...
From soil to seed: micronutrient movement into and within the plant
(2014)
In all living organisms, essential micronutrients are cofactors of many ubiquitous proteins that participate in crucial metabolic pathways, but can also be toxic when present in excessive concentrations. In order to achieve ...
From Sex Differences in Neuroscience to a Neuroscience of Sex Differences: New Directions and Perspectives
(2015)
This research topic aims to integrate scattered findings on sex differences in neuroscience into a broader theory of how the human brain is shaped by sex and sex hormones in order to cause the great variety of sex differences ...
Function and Flexibility: Friend or Foe?
(2016)
Louis Sullivan (1856 - 1924) revolutionized architecture by designing the first skyscraper and he became famous by proclaiming that “form follows function”. When x-ray crystallographers visualized the structures of proteins ...
Game Changer - Next Generation Sequencing and its Impact on Food Microbiology
(2018)
Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) are revolutionizing the field of food microbiology. Microbial whole genome sequencing (WGS) can provide identification, characterization, and subtyping of pathogens ...
General Anesthesia: From Theory to Experiments
(2016)
General anesthesia is a standard medical procedure in today's hospital practice. Although in most cases the administration of anesthetics does not affect severely the patients health, side effects of anesthesia are well-known, ...
Genomics in Aquaculture to Better Understand Species Biology and Accelerate Genetic Progress
(2016)
From a global perspective aquaculture is an activity related to food production with large potential for growth. Considering a continuously growing population, the efficiency and sustainability of this activity will be ...
Genomics Research on Non-Model Plant Pathogens: Delivering Novel Insights into Rust Fungus Biology
(2016)
Fungi of the order Pucciniales cause rust diseases on many plants including important crops and trees widely used in agriculture, forestry and bioenergy programs; these encompass gymnosperms and angiosperms, monocots and ...
The Evolving Telomeres
(2016)
What controls the different rates of evolution to give rise to conserved and divergent proteins and RNAs? How many trials until evolution can adapt to physiological changes? Every organism has arisen through multiple ...
Evolutionary Theory: Fringe or Central to Psychological Science
(2016)
The computational theory of mind, which views the brain as an information processor that operates on cognitive representations, is central to modern cognitive psychology and is the dominant perspective from which brain ...
Evolvability, Environments, Embodiment & Emergence in Robotics
(2018)
Embodied and evolving systems — biological or robotic — are interacting networks of structure, function, information, and behavior. Understanding these complex systems is the goal of the research presented in this book. ...
Executive Functions in Psychiatric Disorders
(2017)
Executive Functions comprise a range of neuropsychological processes related to intentional behavior and cognitive control. There are several theoretical models defining and explaining the concept of Executive Functions. ...
Exploring Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming Through Molecular Imaging
(2017)
The inclusion of oncogene-driven reprogramming of energy metabolism within the list of cancer hallmarks (Hanahan and Weinberg, Cell 2000, 2011) has provided major impetus to further investigate the existence of a much wider ...
Exploring Bacterial Colonies in Solid Foods or Model Foods Using Non-Destructive Techniques
(2016)
Bacteria are always present in foods, either as initial contamination or as technological agents. In solid foods, they are immobilized and develop as colonies. So far, there is a lack of knowledge about the bacteria in ...
Facing the Other: Novel Theories and Methods in Face Perception Research
(2016)
We rely heavily on faces during social interactions. Humans possess the ability to recognise thousands of people very quickly and accurately without effort. The serious social difficulties that follow abnormalities of the ...
Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
(2016)
Dear Readers, If you are engaged in the treatment of patients with MS (pwMS), this e-book’s aim is to offer novel insights to improve on an understanding of one of the major problems of pwMS: fatigue. Although there is ...
Fragmentation in Sleep and Mind: Linking Dissociative Symptoms, Sleep, and Memory
(2018)
Fragmented, dissociated consciousness can characterize the mind in both wake and sleep states. Dissociative symptoms, during sleep, include vivid dreaming, nightmares, and alterations in objective sleep parameters (e.g., ...
Fungal Jewels: Secondary Metabolites
(2017)
Fungal natural products are friends and foes of humans such as deleterious mycotoxins, cytotoxic, carcinogenic compounds or beneficial compounds such as antibiotics, fungicides, insecticides, antiviral and antitumor ...
Gene Silencing and Editing Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases
(2018)
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Despite significant differences in their causes, neuropathological abnormalities, and clinical outcomes, some ...
Gene function in schistosomes: recent advances towards a cure
(2015)
Schistosomes are human parasites distributed worldwide in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, especially in developing countries and impoverished regions. These neglected tropical disease (NTD) pathogens causes debilitating ...
Extracellular Nucleotides in the Regulation of Kidney Functions
(2015)
ATP is normally regarded as the major source of fuel for the energy-demanding processes within cells; however, ATP and other nucleotides (such as ADP, UTP, UDP) can be released from cells, where they act as autocrine or ...
Extinction Learning from a Mechanistic and Systems Perspective
(2016)
Throughout their lifetime, animals learn to associate stimuli with their consequences. Following memory acquisition and consolidation, circumstances may arise that necessitate that initially learned behaviour is no longer ...
Fishing for Human Perceptions in Coastal and Island Marine Resource Use Systems
(2018)
Human perceptions, decision-making and (pro-) environmental behaviour are closely connected. This Research Topic focuses on bringing together perceptions and behaviour for sustainable coastal and island marine resource use ...
Hallucinations: New Interventions Supporting People with Distressing Voices and/or Visions
(2016)
Hallucinations can occur across the five sensory modalities (auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory). Whilst they have the potential to be benign or even highly valued, they can often be devastating experiences ...
Health and Children with Disabilities
(2017)
Articles within this e-book are focused on the health of children with disabilities. Various frameworks have been used to articulate the dynamic interaction of the individual, environment and the task as it relates to child ...
Histamine in the Brain
(2015)
Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, ...
Global Challenges in Radiation Oncology
(2015)
In the United States, much of the research is focused on developing new and very expensive technologies and drugs - often without a major therapeutic benefit. In resource limited countries, basic oncology care is frequently ...
Glial Plasticity in Depression
(2016)
Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron ...
The Global Challenge Posed by the Multiresistant International Clones of Bacterial Pathogens
(2017)
Multiresistant bacterial pathogens pose a serious problem worldwide making the appropriate treatment of patients with healthcare-associated infections a challenge. The spread of antibiotic resistance is either mediated by ...
Global Change, Clonal Growth, and Biological Invasions by Plants
(2016)
There are few more active frontiers in plant science than helping understand and predict the ecological consequences of on-going, global changes in climate, land use and cover, nutrient cycling, and acidity. This collection ...
The Good, The Bad and The Ugly: Multiple Roles of Bacteria in Human Life
(2018)
Bacteria are among the earliest forms of life on Earth. Notwithstanding their small size and primitive origin, bacteria still have a tremendous impact on everyday human life. Over the centuries, research into bacteria have ...
Good News - Bad News: The Two Faces of Immune Privilege
(2014)
Immune privilege was once thought to be the property of a few select sites that include the eye, brain, testis, pregnant uterus and (of all things) the hamster cheek pouch, and was believed to be mainly based on sequestration ...
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Signaling and Functions
(2018)
This eBook provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor evolution, structure, signaling and functions. Apart from review articles, it comprises exciting new research, ...
Gram-positive phages: From isolation to application
(2015)
Phage biology is one of the most significant and fundamental aspects of biological research and is often used as a platform for model studies relating to more complex biological entities. For this reason, phage biology has ...
The Grammar of Multilingualism
(2016)
This volume investigates the nature of grammatical representations in speakers who master multiple languages. Since the early days of modern formal approaches to grammar, most work has been based on the language of monolingual ...
Habits: Plasticity, learning and freedom
(2015)
In present times, certain fields of science are becoming aware of the necessity to go beyond a restrictive specialization, and establish an open dialogue with other disciplines. Such is the case of the approach that ...
Habituation mechanisms and their impact on cognitive function
(2015)
Habituation describes the progressive decrease of the amplitude or frequency of a motor response to repeated sensory stimulation that is not caused by sensory receptor adaptation or motor fatigue. Habituation can occur in ...
Harvesting Plant and Microbial Biodiversity for Sustainably Enhanced Food Security
(2018)
The World population will reach 9 billion by 2050, with the majority of this growth occurring in developing countries. On the other hand, one in nine of the World's population suffers from chronic hunger, the vast majority ...
High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks
(2018)
In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of ...
High-Level Adaptation and Aftereffects
(2017)
Aftereffects generally occur after a prolonged exposure (adaptation) to a first stimulus possessing one given property followed by presentation of a stimulus bearing a neutral value of that property. The aftereffect consists ...
Glial Cells: Managers of Neuro-immunity
(2016)
Immune responses within the brain are still scarcely explored. Nerve tissue damage is accompanied by the activation of glial cells, primarily microglia and astroglia, and such activation is responsible for the release of ...
Grappling with the Multifaceted World of the DNA Damage Response
(2017)
DNA damage is a major threat to genomic integrity and cell survival. It can arise both spontaneously and in response to exogenous agents. DNA damage can attack most parts of the DNA structure, ranging from minor and major ...
Fitness Costs and Benefits of Female Song
(2017)
Bird song, traditionally regarded as primarily a male trait, is in fact widespread among female songbirds and was probably present in the ancestor of modern songbirds (Odom et al 2014 Nature Communications). These recent ...
Gut Health: The New Paradigm in Animal Production?
(2016)
Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a ...
Heart Rate Variability: Clinical Applications and Interaction between HRV and Heart Rate
(2015)
Over the last decades, assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) has increased in various fields of research. HRV describes changes in heartbeat intervals, which are caused by autonomic neural regulation, i.e. by the ...
Hemispheric Bases for Emotion and Memory
(2015)
It has become clear that the two halves of the cortex differ in their contributions to both affective and memory processes. Still, the exact nature of the interrelationships among hemispheric function, emotion, and memory ...
Hierarchical Object Representations in the Visual Cortex and Computer Vision
(2016)
Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception ...
Golgi Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases
(2016)
The Golgi apparatus is a central organelle that lies at the heart of the secretory pathway. It ensures post-translational protein modifications such as glycosylation and cleavage as well as protein sorting to neuronal axons ...
Flow and Transformations in Porous Media
(2017)
Fluid flow in transforming porous rocks, fracture networks, and granular media is a very active interdisciplinary research subject in Physics, Earth Sciences, and Engineering. Examples of natural and engineered processes ...
Harnessing Useful Rhizosphere Microorganisms for Pathogen and Pest Biocontrol
(2017)
Growing demographic trends require sustainable technologies to improve quality and yield of future food productions. However, there is uncertainty about plant protection strategies in many agro-ecosystems. Pests, diseases, ...
Harm and Benefit of Plant and Fungal Secondary Metabolites in Food Animal Production
(2018)
Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. ...
Harnessing oncolytic virus-mediated immunity
(2015)
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising anticancer treatment. OVs selectively infect, replicate in, and kill tumor cells. Oncolytic viral therapy occurs in two phases: an initial phase where the virus mediates ...
Health Care Financing and Affordability in the Emerging Global Markets
(2016)
During the recent few decades, global economic growth has been driven largely by developing world economies. The ones with the most intensive pace of development were marked as “emerging“ markets led by so called BRICS and ...
Hemichannels; from the molecule to the function
(2015)
Coordinated cell interactions are required to accomplish several complex and dynamic tasks observed in several tissues. Cell function may be coordinated by cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions channels (GJCs). ...
Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution
(2017)
Viruses are widely present in nature, and numerous viral species with a variety of unique characteristics have been identified so far. Even now, new emerging or re-emerging viruses are being found or re-found as novel viral ...
Global health issues of aflatoxins in food and agriculture: Challenges and opportunities
(2015)
Aflatoxins are a group of polyketide mycotoxins that are produced mainly by members of the genus Aspergillus. Production of these toxic secondary metabolites is closely related to fungal development (Keller et al., 2005; ...
Glycolysis at 75: Is it time to tweak the first elucidated metabolic pathway in history?
(2015)
Glycolysis, the pathway of enzymatic reactions responsible for the breakdown of glucose into two trioses and further into pyruvate or lactate, was elucidated in 1940. For more than seven decades, it has been taught precisely ...
Glycan Diversity in Fungi, Bacteria and Sea Organisms
(2016)
The cell surface of fungi, bacteria and sea organisms is highly glycosylated. These glycans are oligo- or polysaccharide molecules that can be secreted or attached to protein or lipids forming glycoconjugates. They present ...
Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity; Resilience and Community Dynamics
(2017)
Natural and anthropogenic grasslands such as prairies, meadows, rangelands, and pastures cover more than 40% of the planet’s surface and provide a wealth of ecological services. Grasslands alone store one third of the ...
Fluency and Reading Comprehension in Typical Readers and Dyslexics Readers
(2018)
Reading involves decoding and comprehension components and, to become efficient, it requires a large number of cognitive and linguistic processes. Among those, the phonological awareness, the alphabetic principle, the ...
The Impact of Active and Passive Smoking upon Health and Neurocognitive Function
(2016)
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including a variety of cancers, lung disease and damage to the cardiovascular system. The World Health Organization recently calculated that there ...
Impact of Aerosols (Saharan Dust and Mixed) on the East Mediterranean Oligotrophic Ecosystem; Results from Experimental Studies
(2017)
In oligotrophic environments, dust and nutrient inputs via atmospheric routes are considered important sources of macro-nutrients and micro-trace metals fuelling primary and secondary production. Yet, the impact of these ...
Immunotherapy for Tumor in the Brain: Insights From - and For - Other Tumor Sites
(2018)
Tumor immunotherapy has now shown its promise for many, its disappointments and failings for others. Going forward, brain tumor patients can both benefit and contribute. Tumor immunotherapy is steadily progressing. As ...
In Memory of Mary Ellen Avery
(2014)
Mary Ellen Avery was the driving force behind the discipline of Neonatology. She fought against convention when she published her ground-breaking paper in 1959 showing that Hyaline Membrane Disease was caused by lung ...
In Search of In Vivo MSC
(2017)
Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response
(2017)
Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. ...
Individuality in music performance
(2014)
Humans are remarkably adept at identifying individuals on the basis of their facial features, or other traits such as gait or vocal timbre. Besides voice, another auditory medium capable of carrying identity information ...
Induced Resistance for Plant Defence
(2016)
In this century the human being must face the challenges of producing enough to feed a growing population in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. The yields are with increasing frequency affected by abiotic ...
Infants’ Understanding and Production of Goal-Directed Actions in the Context of Social and Object-Related Interactions
(2017)
Since the discovery of mirror neurons, the study of human infant goal-directed actions and object manipulation has burgeoned into new and exciting research directions. A number of infant studies have begun emphasizing the ...
Infection and Inflammation: Potential Triggers of Sudden Infant Deaths
(2016)
There is a growing body of evidence that infectious agents or their products contribute to events leading to unexpected infant deaths. This issue summarizes the current information on the interactions between genetic ...
Influenza Virus Vaccines and Immunotherapies
(2016)
Influenza virus infections lead to thousands of deaths worldwide annually and billions of dollars economic burden. Despite continuing advances in our understanding of the immune evasion mechanism, the disease remains one ...
Inner Experiences: Theory, Measurement, Frequency, Content, and Functions
(2016)
One fundamental topic of scientific inquiry in psychology is the study of what William James called the 'stream of consciousness', our ongoing experience of the world and ourselves from within—our inner experiences. These ...
Innate Immune Cell Determinants of T Cell Immunity: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Implications
(2016)
Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by an array of individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed and highly specific antigen receptors recognizing an almost infinite number of antigens that might enter in ...
Innate immunity and neurodegenerative disorders
(2014)
Inflammation of the brain in the context of neurodegenerative disorders is an area of intense debate and discussion, not least in terms of its pathogenic significance and the extent to which it drives disease processes and ...
History of Chemoattractant Research
(2016)
In the Research Topic "History of Chemoattractant Research" we will portray some of the key discoveries that helped to transform cell migration research into a global playing field within immunology (and beyond). Early ...
Homeostasis and Allostasis of Thyroid Function
(2018)
The discovery of the negative feedback of thyroid hormones on pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion, a classical endocrine feedback control system, has shaped diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease for ...
Homeostatic and retrograde signaling mechanisms modulating presynaptic function and plasticity
(2016)
Activity within neural circuits shapes the synaptic properties of component neurons in a manner that maintains stable excitatory drive, a process referred to as homeostatic plasticity. These potent and adaptive mechanisms ...
Host-adapted metabolism and its regulation in Bacterial Pathogens
(2015)
Pathogens adapt their metabolism rapidly to the host. Our topic covers these phenomenon regarding extracellular and intracellular pathogens as well as general methods to elucidate different metabolic adaptation processes ...
How Humans Recognize Objects: Segmentation, Categorization and Individual Identification
(2016)
Human beings experience a world of objects: bounded entities that occupy space and persist through time. Our actions are directed toward objects, and our language describes objects. We categorize objects into kinds that ...
How nature shaped echolocation in animals
(2014)
Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. ...
How Salmonella infection can inform on mechanisms of immune function and homeostasis
(2016)
The use of model antigens such as haptens and ovalbumin has provided enormous insights into how immune responses develop, particularly to vaccine antigens. Furthermore, these studies are overwhelmingly performed in animals ...
How Fear and Stress Shape the Mind
(2016)
The experience of fear and stress leaves an indelible trace on the brain. This indelible trace is observed as both changes in behavior and changes in neuronal structure and function. Fear and stress interact on many levels. ...
Hypoxia in Kidney Disease
(2018)
Kidney disease is a complex health problem, often coinciding with cardiovascular pathology (e.g. hypertension) and metabolic disturbances (e.g. obesity and diabetes). It is also a disturbingly fast growing global public ...
ICT for assessment and rehabilitation in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
(2016)
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are no longer objects gathering dust on a shelf; instead, they have become intrinsic in our everyday lives. They are now even taking on an indispensable role in many clinical ...
Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Cancer Immunotherapy
(2019)
For the faultless function of the immune system, tight regulation of immune cell activation, immuno-suppression and the strength and efficiency of the immune response is essential. Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules can ...
Immune Interactions during the Reproductive Cycle
(2015)
Mammalian pregnancy represents a unique immunological riddle in that the mother does not reject her allogeneic fetus. In part this is largely due to a general sequestration or diminution of T cell activity, and an increased ...
Immune responses to AAV vectors, from bench to bedside
(2015)
The recent wave of clinical studies demonstrating long-term therapeutic efficacy highlights the enormous potential of gene therapy as an approach to the treatment of inherited disorders and cancer. While in recent years ...
Immune-Epithelial Crosstalk in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Mucosal Wound Healing
(2018)
80% of the bodies’ immune cells are harbored within the intestine. They are only separated from 1014 microorganisms by a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a secreted superficial mucus layer. Therefore, the ...
Immune System Modeling and Analysis
(2015)
The rapid development of new methods for immunological data collection - from multicolor flow cytometry, through single-cell imaging, to deep sequencing - presents us now, for the first time, with the ability to analyze ...
Impact of Lipid Peroxidation on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cell Membranes
(2017)
The general process of lipid peroxidation consists of three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. The initiation phase of lipid peroxidation includes hydrogen atom abstraction. Several species can abstract the ...
Impact of Diet on Learning, Memory and Cognition
(2017)
Changes in food composition and availability have contributed to the dramatic increase in obesity over the past 30-40 years in developed and, increasingly, in developing countries. The modern diet now contains many foods ...
The impact of learning to read on visual processing
(2016)
Reading is at the interface between the vision and spoken language domains. An emergent bulk of research indicates that learning to read strongly impacts on non-linguistic visual object processing, both at the behavioral ...
Improving Animal Welfare through Genetic Selection
(2016)
In livestock species, breeding goals are aimed primarily at improvement of production traits. However, there are a number of examples where selection for high production efficiency has resulted in reduced welfare through ...
In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration
(2016)
The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. ...
In Vivo Imaging in Pharmacological Research
(2017)
The discovery and development of a biological active molecule with therapeutic properties is an ever increasing complex task, highly unpredictable at the early stages and marked, in the end, by high rates of failure. As a ...
Individual Differences: From Neurobiological Bases to New Insight on Approach and Avoidance Behavior
(2016)
The superordinate division of emotions is distributed along a bipolar dimension of affective valence, from approaching rewarding situations to avoiding punitive situations. Avoiding and approaching behaviors determine the ...