Publications
Now showing items 321-400 of 1372
Emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in neurological diseases and metabolic disorders
(2015)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of transcripts that are in general longer than 200 nucleotides and that have no protein-coding potential. The vast majority of vertebrate genomes encode diverse and complex ...
Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses - Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes
(2017)
Plants are typically colonized by numerous endophyte species symbiotically without any noticeable disease symptoms. These microbes are abundant, diverse and play critical ecological roles across natural and agricultural ...
The enigma of Balint's syndrome: complexity of neural substrates and cognitive deficits
(2015)
Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The ...
Epigenetics of B Cells and Antibody Responses
(2016)
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that are heritable but not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. By modulating gene activities, epigenetic changes regulate cell functions. They include DNA methylation, ...
Epigenetic Modifications and Viral Infections
(2015)
Epigenetics is defined as the study of modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division that does not involve changes in DNA sequences. Up to date, epigenetic modifications involve at least three general mechanisms ...
Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts
(2016)
Symbiosis is an intimate relationship between different living entities and is widespread in virtually all organisms. It was critical for the origin and diversification of Eukaryotes and represents a major driving force ...
Epigenetic Modifications Associated with Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants: An Implication for Understanding Plant Evolution
(2018)
Alterations in gene expression are essential during growth and development phases and when plants are exposed to environmental challenges. Stress conditions induce gene expression modifications, which are associated with ...
Epigenetic pathways in PTSD: How traumatic experiences leave their signature on the genome
(2015)
This research topic focuses on epigenetic components of PTSD. Epigenetic mechanisms are a class of molecular mechanisms by which environmental influences, including stress, can interact with the genome to have long-term ...
Embodying the Self: Neurophysiological Perspectives on the Psychopathology of Anomalous Bodily Experiences
(2018)
Since the beginning of the 20th Century, phenomenology has developed a distinction between lived body (Leib) and physical body (Koerper), a distinction well known as body-subject vs. body-object (Hanna and Thompson 2007). ...
Embodied Cognition over the Lifespan and in Applied Settings
(2018)
While Embodied Cognition has now been accepted as mainstream in Cognitive Science, the study of its potential contribution to understding child developemnt and ageing, as well as its potential applications, is still in its ...
Clinical use of biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders
(2014)
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing dramatically and one of the major challenges today is the need of early and accurate diagnosis, the other is the need of more effective therapies -in turn the ...
Cognition across the psychiatric disorder spectrum: From mental health to clinical diagnosis
(2015)
Psychiatric symptoms are considered to be distributed along a continuum, from good mental health to a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. In the case of psychosis, subclinical psychotic experiences, which can include odd ...
The Cognition of Sequences
(2018)
It is impossible to perceive the innumerable stimuli impinging on our senses, all at once. Out of the myriad stimuli, external and internal, a few are selected for further processing; and even among these, we try to put ...
Cognitive and Brain Plasticity Induced by Physical Exercise, Cognitive Training, Video Games and Combined Interventions
(2018)
The premise of neuroplasticity on enhancing cognitive functioning among healthy as well as cognitively impaired individuals across the lifespan, and the potential of harnessing these processes to prevent cognitive decline ...
The cognitive and neural bases of human tool use
(2015)
Humans are not unique in using tools. But human tool use differs from that known to occur in nonhumans in being very frequent, spontaneous, and diversified. So a fundamental issue is, what are the cognitive and neural bases ...
Emerging Zoonoses: Eco-Epidemiology, Involved Mechanisms and Public Health Implications
(2015)
Zoonoses are currently considered as one of the most important threats for public health worldwide. Zoonoses can be defined as any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate or invertebrate animals ...
Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity
(2016)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle crucial to many cellular functions and processes, including the mounting of T-cell immune responses. Indeed, the ER has a well-established central role in anti-tumor immunity. ...
Endoplasmic reticulum - shape and function in stress translation
(2015)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a manufacturing unit in eukaryotic cells required for the synthesis of proteins, lipids, metabolites and hormones. Besides supporting cellular signalling networks by its anabolic function, ...
Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways: Where We Are, and Where Are We Heading
(2018)
Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen ...
Evolution of NK-mediated target recognition under the pressure of physiologic or pathologic stimuli
(2015)
Since their discovery NK cells have come out as potential tools to fight cancer and viruses. This finding early urged different groups to study the mechanisms governing NK cell function. The identification of the MHC-I-specific ...
The Evolution of Endothermy - From Patterns to Mechanisms
(2018)
Metabolic rate is a key ecophysiological factor determining fitness, distribution, survival and reproductive strategies of organisms. The ability to endogenously produce heat and elevate body temperature beyond ambient, ...
The Evolution of Rhythm Cognition: Timing in Music and Speech
(2018)
Human speech and music share a number of similarities and differences. One of the closest similarities is their temporal nature as both (i) develop over time, (ii) form sequences of temporal intervals, possibly differing ...
Evolution of Organismal Form: From Regulatory Interactions to Developmental Processes and Biological Patterns
(2017)
Today's biodiversity is the spectacular product of hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Understanding how this diversity of living organisms appeared is one of the most intriguing and challenging question in biology. ...
Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Plant Development
(2018)
During their life cycle plants undergo a wide variety of morphological and developmental changes. Impinging these developmental processes there is a layer of gene, protein and metabolic networks that are responsible for ...
Evolution of Reproductive Organs in Land Plants
(2018)
The great diversity of land plants (especially angiosperms) is mainly reflected in the diversity of various reproductive organs of plants. However, despite long time intensive investigations, there are still uncertainties ...
Epitope Discovery and Synthetic Vaccine Design
(2018)
Since variolation, conventional approaches to vaccine development are based on live-attenuated, inactivated or purified pathogen-derived components. However, effective vaccines against global health threats such as HIV, ...
Educating the Global Workforce for Public Health
(2018)
Good quality management of the health system demands a critical mass of health professionals with sound technical knowledge. The education that produces a workforce of appropriate size and skills is often a challenge in ...
Closed-Loop Systems for Next-Generation Neuroprostheses
(2018)
Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders which disrupt the connections within the brain and between brain and body causing impairments of primary functions and paralysis. Such a number is likely ...
Closing the Loop Around Neural Systems
(2014)
Closed-loop neurophysiology has been accelerated by recent software and hardware developments and by the emergence of novel tools to control neuronal activity with spatial and temporal precision, in which stimuli are ...
The cognitive and neural organisation of speech processing
(2016)
Speech production and perception are two of the most complex actions humans perform. The processing of speech is studied across various fields and using a wide variety of research approaches. These fields include, but are ...
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders: Convergence of preclinical and clinical evidence
(2015)
Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and etc., represent a serious medical and socioeconomic problems. These diseases are often accompanied by impairments of cognitive function, e.g., ...
Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in Psychopathology: New Experimental and Clinical Perspectives
(2017)
A common feature of many psychopathological states (going from anxiety, depression to schizophrenia or addictions) is to show cognitive alterations. These cognitive deficits clearly impact on the onset of clinical symptoms. ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Working Memory
(2017)
Visual working memory allows us to temporarily maintain and manipulate visual information in order to solve a task. The study of the brain mechanisms underlying this function began more than half a century ago, with Scoville ...
The Emerging Discipline of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology
(2015)
In 2011, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in collaboration with leaders from the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community, published a white paper describing the emerging discipline of Quantitative Systems ...
Emerging Functions of Septins
(2017)
Together with the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate-filament networks, septins constitute an integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Historically identified as proteins critical for septum formation in the ...
Emerging Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Antibiotic Resistance and Novel Treatment Options
(2017)
Enterobacteriaceae are spread worldwide and the diseases they cause may be fatal especially in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, the high prevalence of ESBL producing Salmonella and Shigella species diseases worldwide ...
Emerging immune functions of non-hematopoietic stromal cells
(2014)
The development and function of the immune system is dependent on interactions between haematopoietic cells and non-hematopoietic stromal cells. The non-hematopoietic stromal cells create the microenvironment in which the ...
Engineering the Plant Factory for the Production of Biologics and Small-Molecule Medicines
(2017)
Plant gene transfer achieved in the early ‘80s paved the way for the exploitation of the potential of gene engineering to add novel agronomic traits and/or to design plants as factories for high added value molecules. For ...
Engineering Synthetic Metabolons: From Metabolic Modelling to Rational Design of Biosynthetic Devices
(2016)
The discipline of Synthetic Biology has recently emerged at the interface of biology and engineering. The definition of Synthetic Biology has been dynamic over time ever since, which exemplifies that the field is rapidly ...
Ethylene: A Key Regulatory Molecule in Plants
(2017)
Ethylene is a simple gaseous phytohormone with multiple roles in regulation of metabolism at cellular, molecular, and whole plant level. It influences performance of plants under optimal and stressful environments by ...
Fetal Therapies and Maternal-Fetal Tolerance
(2016)
The ability to diagnose and treat genetic diseases before birth represents one of the foremost breakthroughs of modern medicine. While fetal surgery has advanced in the last several decades, the prospect of applying ...
From Is to Ought: The Place of Normative Models in the Study of Human Thought
(2016)
In the study of human thinking, two main research questions can be asked: “Descriptive Q: What is human thinking like? Normative Q: What ought human thinking be like?” For decades, these two questions have dominated the ...
From Ecology to Brain Development: Bridging Separate Evolutionary Paradigms
(2018)
The nervous system is the product of biological evolution and is shaped by the interplay between extrinsic factors determining the ecology of animals, and by intrinsic processes that dictate the developmental rules that ...
From Genes to Species: Novel Insights from Metagenomics
(2016)
The majority of microbes in many environments are considered “as yet uncultured” and were traditionally considered inaccessible for study through the microbiological gold standard of pure culture. The emergence of metagenomic ...
Frontiers in Brain Based Therapeutic Interventions and Biomarker Research in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
(2016)
Developmental neuroscience research is on the cusp of unprecedented advances in the understanding of how variations in brain structure and function within neural circuits confer risk for symptoms of childhood psychiatric ...
Frontiers in Earth Science - Editor's Choice 2017
(2018)
2017 has been an exciting year for our innovative open access journal Frontiers in Earth Science: many new articles have been published and are now indexed in Web of Science (ESCI), new sections have opened for submissions ...
Functional Imaging in living Plants - Cell Biology meets Physiology
(2015)
The study of plant cell physiology is currently experiencing a profound transformation. Novel techniques allow dynamic in vivo imaging with subcellular resolution, covering a rapidly growing range of plant cell physiology. ...
Functional Characterization of Insect Chemoreceptors: Receptivity Range, Expression and Evolution
(2016)
Olfaction and taste are of critical importance to insects and other animals, since vital behaviours, including mate, food and host seeking, as well as predator and toxin avoidance, are guided by chemosensory cues. Mate and ...
Function of Renal Sympathetic Nerves
(2017)
Sympathetic overactivity is associated with the development of hypertension. Renal denervation (RDN) prevents or delays hypertension in a variety of animal models, which laid the groundwork for the introduction of RDN as ...
The Functional Organization of the Auditory System
(2017)
This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
The Future of Coral Reefs Subject to Rapid Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Extreme Environments
(2019)
Examination of corals and reef-associated organisms which endure in extreme coral reef environments is challenging our understanding of the conditions that organisms can survive under. By studying individuals naturally ...
Genetics and epigenetics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
(2015)
Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which may feature variable neurodevelopmental deficits, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disabilities. Research ...
Genetics of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal and Zoonotic Pathogens
(2018)
Development and spread of antimicrobial resistance is the result of an evolutionary process by which microorganisms adapt to antibiotics through several mechanisms including alteration of drug target by mutation and ...
Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Processes in Cardiovascular Diseases
(2018)
It is long known that many cells can shed extracellular vesicles, small membrane-enclosed cell fragments. Although the existence of extracellular vesicles has been recognized for many years, researchers are only beginning ...
Face Perception across the Life-Span
(2017)
Face perception is a highly evolved visual skills in humans. This complex ability develops across the life-span, steeply rising in infancy, refining across childhood and adolescence, reaching highest levels in adulthood ...
Geomicrobes: Life in Terrestrial Deep Subsurface
(2017)
The deep subsurface is, in addition to space, one of the last unknown frontiers to human kind. A significant part of life on Earth resides in the deep subsurface, hiding great potential of microbial life of which we know ...
Ethanol, Its Active Metabolites, and Their Mechanisms of Action: Neurophysiological and Behavioral Effects
(2018)
Ethanol, the main psychopharmacologically active ingredient of alcoholic drinks, represents a paradigmatic example of a research subject intrinsically able to perpetually self-generate interdisciplinary cutting-edge ...
Fifty Shades of Grey: Exploring the Dark Sides of Leadership and Followership
(2019)
The scientific field of leadership and followership is fast evolving and has seen several interesting developments over recent years. The early heroic views of leadership are slowly turning into more nuanced perspectives, ...
From Brain to Body: The Impact of Nervous System Declines on Muscle Performance in Aging
(2015)
The deterioration of skeletal muscle performance (e.g., declines in muscle strength and motor performance) with advancing age has long been anecdotally recognized as Shakespeare pointed out nearly a half millennium ago in ...
From Consumer Experience to Affective Loyalty: Challenges and Prospects in the Psychology of Consumer Behavior 3.0
(2018)
This research topic for Frontiers in Psychology highlights some of the more relevant changes that have conditioned consumer behavior in recent years—among these, the paradigm shift in marketing is worth emphasizing. Today, ...
Genetic and Genome-Wide Insights into Microbes Studied for Bioenergy
(2017)
The global mandate for safer, cleaner and renewable energy has accelerated research on microbes that convert carbon sources to end-products serving as biofuels of the so-called first, second or third generation – e.g., ...
Executive Function(s): Conductor, Orchestra or Symphony? Towards a Trans-Disciplinary Unification of Theory and Practice Across Development, in Normal and Atypical Groups
(2018)
There are several theories of executive function(s) that tend to share some theoretical overlap yet are also conceptually distinct, each bolstered by empirical data (Norman and Shallice, 1986; Shallice & Burgess, 1991; ...
Executive Function and Education
(2018)
Executive function is an umbrella term for various cognitive processes that are central to goal-directed behavior, thoughts, and emotions. These processes are especially important in novel or demanding situations, which ...
Exploring Gender and Sex Differences in Behavioral Dyscontrol: from Drug Addiction to Impulse Control Disorders
(2016)
Males and females exhibit discrete attitudes and skills, experience dissimilar emotional and psychological needs, and react differently to peer pressure, lack of self-realization, or other personal and social expectations. ...
Eyeblink Conditioning in Psychiatric Conditions - State of the Field and Future Directions
(2017)
Eyeblink classical conditioning (EBC) is a model paradigm for associative (also termed Pavlovian) learning, one of the simplest and best understood forms of learning and memory. Because EBC paradigms are readily adapted ...
Eye movement-related brain activity during perceptual and cognitive processing
(2014)
The recording and analysis of electrical brain activity associated with eye movements has a history of several decades. While the early attempts were primarily focused on uncovering the brain mechanisms of eye movements, ...
From Meaning of Working to Meaningful Lives: The Challenges of Expanding Decent Work
(2016)
This Research Topic explores issues that are central to the continued relevance of organizational and vocational psychology, and equally central to the well-being of individuals and communities. The cohering theme of this ...
From Organizational Welfare to Business Success: Higher Performance in Healthy Organizational Environments
(2017)
This e-book provides insight into the link between employee health and productivity/performance, with a focus on how individuals, groups, or organizations can intervene in this relationship to improve both well-being and ...
The frontiers of clinical research on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in Neuropsychiatry
(2015)
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention that induces changes in cortical activity and excitability according to the parameters of stimulation. TDCS effects have been ...
Frontiers of Sulfur Metabolism in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Response
(2016)
Growing plants have a constitutive demand for sulfur to synthesize proteins, sulfolipids and other essential sulfur containing molecules for growth and development. The uptake and subsequent distribution of sulfate is ...
Frontiers in the Acquisition of Literacy
(2015)
Learning to read, and to spell are two of the most important cultural skills that must be acquired by children, and for that matter, anyone learning a second language. We are not born with an innate ability to read. A ...
Frontiers in Skeletal Muscle Wasting, Regeneration and Stem Cells
(2016)
The search for knowledge on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass homeostasis and regeneration is an exciting scientific area and extremely important to develop therapeutic strategies for ...
Frontiers in Synaptic Plasticity: Dendritic Spines, Circuitries and Behavior
(2016)
The term “synaptic plasticity” is a broad concept, which is studied with a variety of experimental approaches. One focus is the impact of changes in synaptic, neuronal and glial morphology on brain circuitry and behavior. ...
Frontiers in the Pharmacological Manipulation of Intracellular cAMP Levels
(2016)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger of paramount biological importance, involved in the regulation of a significant number of cellular functions through the cAMP-dependent intracellular signal ...
Genomics and Effectomics of the Crop Killer Xanthomonas
(2016)
Phytopathogenic bacteria of the Xanthomonas genus cause severe diseases on hundreds of host plants, including economically important crops, such as bean, cabbage, cassava, citrus, hemp, pepper, rice, sugarcane, tomato or ...
Genome-wide view on the physiology of vitamin D
(2014)
The main physiological actions of the biologically most active metabolite of vitamin D, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1a,25(OH)2D3), are calcium and phosphorus uptake and transport and thereby controlling bone formation. Other ...
Genomic Approaches for Improvement of Understudied Grasses
(2017)
Grasses are diverse, spanning native prairies to high-yielding grain cropping systems. They are valued for their beauty and useful for soil stabilization, pollution mitigation, biofuel production, nutritional value, and ...
Experimental models of early exposure to alcohol: a way to unravel the neurobiology of mental retardation
(2015)
Excessive alcohol drinking represents a major social and public health problem for several countries. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy leads to a complex syndrome referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), chiefly ...