Publications
Now showing items 301-360 of 1372
Evaluation of Building Resilience Under Earthquake Input Using Single, Double and Multiple Impulses
(2017)
This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which ...
Essential Pathways and Circuits of Autism Pathogenesis
(2016)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 68 children in the United states is afflicted with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), yet at this time, there is no cure for the disease. Autism is characterized ...
Emergent Public Health Issues in the US-Mexico Border Region
(2017)
US-Mexico border region area has unique social, demographic and policy forces at work that shape the health of its residents as well as serves as a microcosm of migration health challenges facing an increasingly mobile and ...
Emergent neural computation from the interaction of different forms of plasticity
(2016)
From the propagation of neural activity through synapses, to the integration of signals in the dendritic arbor, and the processes determining action potential generation, virtually all aspects of neural processing are ...
Enzymes from Extreme Environments
(2016)
Enzymes are nature’s biocatalysts empowered with high catalytic power and remarkable substrate specificity. Enzymes perform a wide range of functions throughout nature, and guide the biochemistry of life with great precision. ...
CNS Recovery after Structural and/or Physiological/Psychological Damage
(2016)
There is an assumption that environmental threats could cause important damages in central nervous system. As a consequence, several forms of brain structural plasticity could be affected. The environmentally mediated risks ...
The Cognitive Thalamus
(2015)
Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused ...
The cognitive, emotional and neural correlates of creativity
(2015)
Across species, humans have an unsurpassed capacity for creative thought and innovation. Human creativity is at the roots of extraordinary achievements in the arts and sciences, and enables individuals and their groups to ...
Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition
(2018)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they ...
Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli
(2017)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Transcriptional Reprogramming
(2015)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle responsible for protein folding and assembly, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, and calcium storage. A number of biochemical, physiological, or pathological stimuli can ...
Evidence-Based Programming for Older Adults
(2015)
There is increased world-wide concern about the impact of multiple chronic conditions, especially among the rapidly aging population. Simultaneously, over the past decade there has been an emergence of state-wide and ...
Evidence-Based Practices to Reduce Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults
(2018)
Falls and fall-related injuries among older adults have emerged as serious global health concerns, which place a burden on individuals, their families, and greater society. As fall incidence rates increase alongside our ...
The Evolution and Development of the Antibody Repertoire
(2015)
Although at first glance mechanisms used to create the variable domains of immunoglobulin appear to be designed to generate diversity at random, closer inspection reveals striking evolutionary constraints on the sequence ...
Effects of Game and Game-like Training on Neurocognitive Plasticity
(2016)
Cognitive training is not always effective. This is also the case for the form of cognitive training that this Research Topic focuses on: prolonged performance on game-like cognitive tasks. The ultimate goal of this cognitive ...
The effect of hearing loss on neural processing
(2015)
Efficient auditory processing requires the rapid integration of transient sensory inputs. This is exemplified in human speech perception, in which long stretches of a complex acoustic signal are typically processed accurately ...
Effects of Climate Change Across Ocean Regions
(2018)
The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) highlighted that conditions within Earth’s ocean are changing more rapidly than any of the time during the past 65 million years, and as a consequence, major changes are occurring in ...
The Clinical and Ethical Practice of Neuromodulation - Deep Brain Stimulation and Beyond
(2018)
euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science ...
Clinical Application of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Cranium to Prostate
(2016)
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a relatively recent radiation technique initially developed using a frame-based system in 1949 by a Swedish neurosurgeon, Lars Leksell, for lesions not amendable to surgical resection. Radiosurgery ...
Emerging Technologies to Promote and Evaluate Physical Activity
(2014)
Increasingly, efforts to promote and measure physical activity are achieving greater precision, greater ease of use, and/or greater scope by incorporating emerging technologies. This is significant for physical activity ...
Emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in neurological diseases and metabolic disorders
(2015)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of transcripts that are in general longer than 200 nucleotides and that have no protein-coding potential. The vast majority of vertebrate genomes encode diverse and complex ...
Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses - Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes
(2017)
Plants are typically colonized by numerous endophyte species symbiotically without any noticeable disease symptoms. These microbes are abundant, diverse and play critical ecological roles across natural and agricultural ...
The enigma of Balint's syndrome: complexity of neural substrates and cognitive deficits
(2015)
Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The ...
Epigenetics of B Cells and Antibody Responses
(2016)
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that are heritable but not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. By modulating gene activities, epigenetic changes regulate cell functions. They include DNA methylation, ...
Epigenetic Modifications and Viral Infections
(2015)
Epigenetics is defined as the study of modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division that does not involve changes in DNA sequences. Up to date, epigenetic modifications involve at least three general mechanisms ...
Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts
(2016)
Symbiosis is an intimate relationship between different living entities and is widespread in virtually all organisms. It was critical for the origin and diversification of Eukaryotes and represents a major driving force ...
Epigenetic Modifications Associated with Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants: An Implication for Understanding Plant Evolution
(2018)
Alterations in gene expression are essential during growth and development phases and when plants are exposed to environmental challenges. Stress conditions induce gene expression modifications, which are associated with ...
Epigenetic pathways in PTSD: How traumatic experiences leave their signature on the genome
(2015)
This research topic focuses on epigenetic components of PTSD. Epigenetic mechanisms are a class of molecular mechanisms by which environmental influences, including stress, can interact with the genome to have long-term ...
Embodying the Self: Neurophysiological Perspectives on the Psychopathology of Anomalous Bodily Experiences
(2018)
Since the beginning of the 20th Century, phenomenology has developed a distinction between lived body (Leib) and physical body (Koerper), a distinction well known as body-subject vs. body-object (Hanna and Thompson 2007). ...
Embodied Cognition over the Lifespan and in Applied Settings
(2018)
While Embodied Cognition has now been accepted as mainstream in Cognitive Science, the study of its potential contribution to understding child developemnt and ageing, as well as its potential applications, is still in its ...
Clinical use of biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders
(2014)
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing dramatically and one of the major challenges today is the need of early and accurate diagnosis, the other is the need of more effective therapies -in turn the ...
Cognition across the psychiatric disorder spectrum: From mental health to clinical diagnosis
(2015)
Psychiatric symptoms are considered to be distributed along a continuum, from good mental health to a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. In the case of psychosis, subclinical psychotic experiences, which can include odd ...
The Cognition of Sequences
(2018)
It is impossible to perceive the innumerable stimuli impinging on our senses, all at once. Out of the myriad stimuli, external and internal, a few are selected for further processing; and even among these, we try to put ...
Cognitive and Brain Plasticity Induced by Physical Exercise, Cognitive Training, Video Games and Combined Interventions
(2018)
The premise of neuroplasticity on enhancing cognitive functioning among healthy as well as cognitively impaired individuals across the lifespan, and the potential of harnessing these processes to prevent cognitive decline ...
The cognitive and neural bases of human tool use
(2015)
Humans are not unique in using tools. But human tool use differs from that known to occur in nonhumans in being very frequent, spontaneous, and diversified. So a fundamental issue is, what are the cognitive and neural bases ...
Emerging Zoonoses: Eco-Epidemiology, Involved Mechanisms and Public Health Implications
(2015)
Zoonoses are currently considered as one of the most important threats for public health worldwide. Zoonoses can be defined as any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate or invertebrate animals ...
Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity
(2016)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle crucial to many cellular functions and processes, including the mounting of T-cell immune responses. Indeed, the ER has a well-established central role in anti-tumor immunity. ...
Endoplasmic reticulum - shape and function in stress translation
(2015)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a manufacturing unit in eukaryotic cells required for the synthesis of proteins, lipids, metabolites and hormones. Besides supporting cellular signalling networks by its anabolic function, ...
Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways: Where We Are, and Where Are We Heading
(2018)
Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen ...
Evolution of NK-mediated target recognition under the pressure of physiologic or pathologic stimuli
(2015)
Since their discovery NK cells have come out as potential tools to fight cancer and viruses. This finding early urged different groups to study the mechanisms governing NK cell function. The identification of the MHC-I-specific ...
The Evolution of Endothermy - From Patterns to Mechanisms
(2018)
Metabolic rate is a key ecophysiological factor determining fitness, distribution, survival and reproductive strategies of organisms. The ability to endogenously produce heat and elevate body temperature beyond ambient, ...
The Evolution of Rhythm Cognition: Timing in Music and Speech
(2018)
Human speech and music share a number of similarities and differences. One of the closest similarities is their temporal nature as both (i) develop over time, (ii) form sequences of temporal intervals, possibly differing ...
Evolution of Organismal Form: From Regulatory Interactions to Developmental Processes and Biological Patterns
(2017)
Today's biodiversity is the spectacular product of hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Understanding how this diversity of living organisms appeared is one of the most intriguing and challenging question in biology. ...
Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Plant Development
(2018)
During their life cycle plants undergo a wide variety of morphological and developmental changes. Impinging these developmental processes there is a layer of gene, protein and metabolic networks that are responsible for ...
Evolution of Reproductive Organs in Land Plants
(2018)
The great diversity of land plants (especially angiosperms) is mainly reflected in the diversity of various reproductive organs of plants. However, despite long time intensive investigations, there are still uncertainties ...
Epitope Discovery and Synthetic Vaccine Design
(2018)
Since variolation, conventional approaches to vaccine development are based on live-attenuated, inactivated or purified pathogen-derived components. However, effective vaccines against global health threats such as HIV, ...
Educating the Global Workforce for Public Health
(2018)
Good quality management of the health system demands a critical mass of health professionals with sound technical knowledge. The education that produces a workforce of appropriate size and skills is often a challenge in ...
Closed-Loop Systems for Next-Generation Neuroprostheses
(2018)
Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders which disrupt the connections within the brain and between brain and body causing impairments of primary functions and paralysis. Such a number is likely ...
Closing the Loop Around Neural Systems
(2014)
Closed-loop neurophysiology has been accelerated by recent software and hardware developments and by the emergence of novel tools to control neuronal activity with spatial and temporal precision, in which stimuli are ...
The cognitive and neural organisation of speech processing
(2016)
Speech production and perception are two of the most complex actions humans perform. The processing of speech is studied across various fields and using a wide variety of research approaches. These fields include, but are ...
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders: Convergence of preclinical and clinical evidence
(2015)
Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and etc., represent a serious medical and socioeconomic problems. These diseases are often accompanied by impairments of cognitive function, e.g., ...
Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in Psychopathology: New Experimental and Clinical Perspectives
(2017)
A common feature of many psychopathological states (going from anxiety, depression to schizophrenia or addictions) is to show cognitive alterations. These cognitive deficits clearly impact on the onset of clinical symptoms. ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Working Memory
(2017)
Visual working memory allows us to temporarily maintain and manipulate visual information in order to solve a task. The study of the brain mechanisms underlying this function began more than half a century ago, with Scoville ...
The Emerging Discipline of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology
(2015)
In 2011, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in collaboration with leaders from the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community, published a white paper describing the emerging discipline of Quantitative Systems ...
Emerging Functions of Septins
(2017)
Together with the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate-filament networks, septins constitute an integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Historically identified as proteins critical for septum formation in the ...
Emerging Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Antibiotic Resistance and Novel Treatment Options
(2017)
Enterobacteriaceae are spread worldwide and the diseases they cause may be fatal especially in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, the high prevalence of ESBL producing Salmonella and Shigella species diseases worldwide ...
Emerging immune functions of non-hematopoietic stromal cells
(2014)
The development and function of the immune system is dependent on interactions between haematopoietic cells and non-hematopoietic stromal cells. The non-hematopoietic stromal cells create the microenvironment in which the ...
Engineering the Plant Factory for the Production of Biologics and Small-Molecule Medicines
(2017)
Plant gene transfer achieved in the early ‘80s paved the way for the exploitation of the potential of gene engineering to add novel agronomic traits and/or to design plants as factories for high added value molecules. For ...
Engineering Synthetic Metabolons: From Metabolic Modelling to Rational Design of Biosynthetic Devices
(2016)
The discipline of Synthetic Biology has recently emerged at the interface of biology and engineering. The definition of Synthetic Biology has been dynamic over time ever since, which exemplifies that the field is rapidly ...