Publications
Now showing items 481-560 of 1372
Homeostatic and retrograde signaling mechanisms modulating presynaptic function and plasticity
(2016)
Activity within neural circuits shapes the synaptic properties of component neurons in a manner that maintains stable excitatory drive, a process referred to as homeostatic plasticity. These potent and adaptive mechanisms ...
Host-adapted metabolism and its regulation in Bacterial Pathogens
(2015)
Pathogens adapt their metabolism rapidly to the host. Our topic covers these phenomenon regarding extracellular and intracellular pathogens as well as general methods to elucidate different metabolic adaptation processes ...
How Humans Recognize Objects: Segmentation, Categorization and Individual Identification
(2016)
Human beings experience a world of objects: bounded entities that occupy space and persist through time. Our actions are directed toward objects, and our language describes objects. We categorize objects into kinds that ...
How nature shaped echolocation in animals
(2014)
Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. ...
How Salmonella infection can inform on mechanisms of immune function and homeostasis
(2016)
The use of model antigens such as haptens and ovalbumin has provided enormous insights into how immune responses develop, particularly to vaccine antigens. Furthermore, these studies are overwhelmingly performed in animals ...
How Fear and Stress Shape the Mind
(2016)
The experience of fear and stress leaves an indelible trace on the brain. This indelible trace is observed as both changes in behavior and changes in neuronal structure and function. Fear and stress interact on many levels. ...
Hypoxia in Kidney Disease
(2018)
Kidney disease is a complex health problem, often coinciding with cardiovascular pathology (e.g. hypertension) and metabolic disturbances (e.g. obesity and diabetes). It is also a disturbingly fast growing global public ...
ICT for assessment and rehabilitation in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
(2016)
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are no longer objects gathering dust on a shelf; instead, they have become intrinsic in our everyday lives. They are now even taking on an indispensable role in many clinical ...
Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Cancer Immunotherapy
(2019)
For the faultless function of the immune system, tight regulation of immune cell activation, immuno-suppression and the strength and efficiency of the immune response is essential. Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules can ...
Immune Interactions during the Reproductive Cycle
(2015)
Mammalian pregnancy represents a unique immunological riddle in that the mother does not reject her allogeneic fetus. In part this is largely due to a general sequestration or diminution of T cell activity, and an increased ...
Immune responses to AAV vectors, from bench to bedside
(2015)
The recent wave of clinical studies demonstrating long-term therapeutic efficacy highlights the enormous potential of gene therapy as an approach to the treatment of inherited disorders and cancer. While in recent years ...
Immune-Epithelial Crosstalk in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Mucosal Wound Healing
(2018)
80% of the bodies’ immune cells are harbored within the intestine. They are only separated from 1014 microorganisms by a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a secreted superficial mucus layer. Therefore, the ...
Immune System Modeling and Analysis
(2015)
The rapid development of new methods for immunological data collection - from multicolor flow cytometry, through single-cell imaging, to deep sequencing - presents us now, for the first time, with the ability to analyze ...
Impact of Lipid Peroxidation on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cell Membranes
(2017)
The general process of lipid peroxidation consists of three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. The initiation phase of lipid peroxidation includes hydrogen atom abstraction. Several species can abstract the ...
Impact of Diet on Learning, Memory and Cognition
(2017)
Changes in food composition and availability have contributed to the dramatic increase in obesity over the past 30-40 years in developed and, increasingly, in developing countries. The modern diet now contains many foods ...
The impact of learning to read on visual processing
(2016)
Reading is at the interface between the vision and spoken language domains. An emergent bulk of research indicates that learning to read strongly impacts on non-linguistic visual object processing, both at the behavioral ...
Improving Animal Welfare through Genetic Selection
(2016)
In livestock species, breeding goals are aimed primarily at improvement of production traits. However, there are a number of examples where selection for high production efficiency has resulted in reduced welfare through ...
In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration
(2016)
The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. ...
In Vivo Imaging in Pharmacological Research
(2017)
The discovery and development of a biological active molecule with therapeutic properties is an ever increasing complex task, highly unpredictable at the early stages and marked, in the end, by high rates of failure. As a ...
Individual Differences: From Neurobiological Bases to New Insight on Approach and Avoidance Behavior
(2016)
The superordinate division of emotions is distributed along a bipolar dimension of affective valence, from approaching rewarding situations to avoiding punitive situations. Avoiding and approaching behaviors determine the ...
Individual differences in associative learning
(2014)
Theories of associative learning have a long history in advancing the psychological account of behavior via cognitive representation. There are many components and variations of associative theory but at the core is the ...
HIV-Induced Damage of B Cells and Production of HIV Neutralizing Antibodies
(2018)
Multiple dysfunctions take place in the B cell compartment during HIV-1 infection, comprising depletion of resting memory B cells carrying serological memory to vaccines and previously met pathogens. In addition, population ...
HLA-G-mediated Immune Tolerance: Past and New Outlooks
(2017)
The non-classical HLA class I molecule HLA-G is different from classical HLA class I molecules because of the low polymorphism in the coding region, the fact that HLA-G primary transcript is alternatively spliced in seven ...
Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
(2016)
Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine ...
Hormonal Control of Important Agronomic Traits
(2018)
One of the goals of plant science is to improve agricultural sustainability, increasing yield, food diversity, and nutrition, while minimizing the negative impact on our environment. In response to internal and external ...
How Can Secretomics Help Unravel the Secrets of Plant-Microbe Interactions?
(2017)
Secretomics describes the global study of proteins that are secreted by a cell, a tissue or an organism, and has recently emerged as a field for which interest is rapidly growing. The term secretome was first coined at the ...
How Do Emotions and Feelings Regulate Physical Activity?
(2017)
Up to date the scientific discussion about how frequency and regularity of physical activity can be increased is dominated by social-cognitive models. However, increasing evidence suggests that emotions and feelings have ...
How Can Development and Plasticity Contribute to Understanding Evolution of the Human Brain?
(2016)
Humans usually attribute themselves the prerogative of being the pinnacle of evolution. They have large brains with many billion neurons and glial cells, trillions of synapses and besides all, a plastic hardware that may ...
How best to 'go on'? Prospects for a 'Modern Synthesis in the sciences of mind
(2016)
Psychology straddles areas from the biological to the social and cultural. Within that vast range, there have been recent explosions of interest in neuropsychology, genetics and epigenetics, and the evolutionary bases of ...
Human and Animal Models for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration: Challenges and Opportunities From South America
(2018)
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated ...
Human Tumor-Derived p53 Mutants: A Growing Family of Oncoproteins
(2016)
TP53 gene mutations are present in more than half of all human cancers. The resulting proteins are mostly full-length with a single amino acid change and are abundantly expressed in cancer cells. Some of the mutant p53 ...
Historical Roots of Psychopathology
(2016)
New advances of the neuroscience supported by a refined, reliable and valid phenotyping (e.g., at the level of symptoms and not at the level of disorders), are bringing some promising results. The mapping of clinical ...
Imaging Synapse Structure and Function
(2017)
Development of new imaging technologies in recent years has transformed neuroscience in profound ways. Following on the heels of the revolution based on the Green Fluorescent Protein, refined genetically-encoded fluorescent ...
Immunoglobulin therapy in the 21st century: the dark side of the moon
(2015)
In the early decades since the introduction in the early '80s of immunoglobulin therapy many studies tried to identify which clinical indications might benefit from the therapy, which treatment’s schedules are effective ...
Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer: From Benchside Research to Bedside
(2016)
Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered ...
The immunology of cellular stress proteins
(2014)
Stress proteins or heat-shock proteins (HSP) are evolutionary conserved proteins present in every prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Their main function is to protect cells and proteins from damage under stressful circumstances. ...
Immunomodulatory Effects of Drugs for Treatment of Immune-Related Diseases
(2017)
More than 90% of diseases possess immunological abnormalities. Disorders such as inflammation, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency are simple examples of how the immune system misinterprets its surroundings ...
Immunobiotics: Interactions of Beneficial Microbes with the Immune System
(2018)
The term “immunobiotics” has been proposed to define microbial strains able to beneficially regulate the mucosal immune system. Research in immunobiotics has significantly evolved as researchers employed cutting-edge ...
The Impact of Shared Vision on Leadership, Engagement, Organizational Citizenship and Coaching
(2015)
According to management and psychology courses, as well as legions of consultants in organizational psychology, shared vision in dyads, teams and organizations can fill us with hope and inspire new possibilities, or delude ...
The Impact of Microorganisms on Consumption of Atmospheric Trace Gases
(2017)
Gases with a mixing ratio of less than one percent in the lower atmosphere (i.e. the troposphere) are considered as trace gases. Numerous of these trace gases originate from biological processes in marine and terrestrial ...
The Impact of Systems Medicine on Human Health and Disease
(2017)
Complex diseases including diabetes, neurological disorders and cancer are results from a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, and development of new prognostic tools for the treatment of such ...
The Impact of Sensory; Linguistic and Social Deprivation on Cognition
(2017)
Early experience plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of cognitive development. For example, early sensory deprivation is known to induce neural reorganization by way of adaptation to the altered sensory ...
The Importance of Iron in Pathophysiologic Conditions
(2015)
The iron element (Fe) is strictly required for the survival of most forms of life, including bacteria, plants and humans. Fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms for Fe absorption, mobilization and recycling operate to maintain ...
Improving Bayesian Reasoning: What Works and Why?
(2016)
We confess that the first part of our title is somewhat of a misnomer. Bayesian reasoning is a normative approach to probabilistic belief revision and, as such, it is in need of no improvement. Rather, it is the typical ...
Improving Working Memory in Learning and Intellectual Disabilities
(2016)
The last forty years of research have demonstrated that working memory (WM) is a key concept for understanding higher-order cognition. To give an example, WM is involved in reading comprehension, problem solving and ...
Improving outcomes in cerebral palsy with early intervention: new translational approaches
(2015)
The aim of this Research Topic was to collate articles describing prediction of outcomes of pre- and perinatal lesions leading to cerebral palsy, basic research in animal models and human subjects, and ideas for, and trials ...
Industrial and Host Associated Stress Responses in Food Microbes. Implications for Food Technology and Food Safety
(2017)
Throughout the food processing chain and after ingestion by the host, food associated bacteria have to cope with a range of stress factors such as thermal and/or non-thermal inactivation treatments, refrigeration temperatures, ...
Inflammation in the CNS: Advancing the Field Using Intravital Imaging
(2017)
Inflammation of the CNS can have devastating, long-lived, and in some cases fatal consequences for patients. The stimuli that can induce CNS inflammation are diverse, and include infectious agents, autoimmune responses ...
Inferior Colliculus Microcircuits
(2015)
The inferior colliculus (IC) is a unique structure in the auditory system, located between the primary auditory nuclei of the brainstem and the thalamus. The existence of the complex neural circuits in the auditory brainstem ...
Information-based methods for neuroimaging: analyzing structure, function and dynamics
(2015)
The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss the state of the art on the use of Information-based methods in the analysis of neuroimaging data. Information-based methods, typically built as extensions of the Shannon Entropy, ...
Inhibitory Function in Auditory Processing
(2015)
There seems little doubt that from the earliest evolutionary beginnings, inhibition has been a fundamental feature of neuronal circuits - even the simplest life forms sense and interact with their environment, orienting ...
Inhibiting PARP as a Strategic Target in Cancer
(2016)
Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins are critical mediators of DNA repair. Many traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy agents overwhelm a cell’s ability to repair DNA damage in order to kill proliferating malignant ...
How and Why Does Spatial-Hearing Ability Differ among Listeners? What Is the Role of Learning and Multisensory Interactions?
(2016)
Spatial-hearing ability has been found to vary widely across listeners. A survey of the existing auditory-space perception literature suggests that three main types of factors may account for this variability: - physical ...
How aging affects T lymphocyte-mediated immunity
(2015)
Increasing age has been associated with an insufficient protection following vaccination and an increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases. The predicted acceleration of global population aging will accentuate ...
The HSP70 Molecular Chaperone Machines
(2017)
Members of the HSP70 family form a central hub of the molecular chaperone network, controlling protein homeostasis in prokaryotes and in the ATP-containing compartments of the eukaryotic cells. The heat-inducible form ...
How to improve immune reconstitution in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
(2015)
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is widely used in the treatment of haematological malignancies as a form of immunotherapy acting through a graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reaction. This curative ...
HSPs - Ambiguous Mediators of Immunity
(2017)
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were discovered as polypeptides induced by stress that can be found in all kingdoms of cellular organisms. Their functions were, a first enigmatic and these proteins were thus classified by ...
Hybrid Solutions for the Modelling of Complex Environmental Systems
(2017)
Systems studied in environmental science, due to their structure and the heterogeneity of the entities composing them, often exhibit complex dynamics that can only be captured by hybrid modeling approaches. While several ...
Abiotic Stresses in Agroecology: A Challenge for Whole Plant Physiology
(2017)
Understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses is central to our ability to predict the impact of global change and environmental pollution on the production of food, feed and forestry. Besides increasing carbon dioxide ...
Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants: Functional Genomic Intervention
(2016)
Abiotic stresses such as high temperature, low-temperature, drought and salinity limit crop productivity worldwide. Understanding plant responses to these stresses is essential for rational engineering of crop plants. In ...
Abiotic Stress: Molecular Genetics and Genomics
(2014)
Abiotic stresses are the major cause that limits productivity of crop plants worldwide. Plants have developed intricate machinery to respond and adapt over these adverse environmental conditions both at physiological and ...
About the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter
(2018)
A significant increase in the prevalence of campylobacteriosis cases has been observed over the past years. Campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease worldwide with a significant impact ...
Abstract Mathematical Cognition
(2016)
Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from ...
Accessing Conceptual Representations for Speaking
(2016)
For speaking, words in the lexicon are somehow activated from conceptual representations but we know surprisingly little about how this works precisely. Which of the attributes of the concept DOG (e.g. BARKS, IS WALKED ...
Application of genetically encoded indicators to mammalian central nervous system
(2016)
Genetically encoded indicators emerged as promising tools for cell type-specific and chronic recording of neuronal population activity. Since publication of the first prototypical genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators ...
Acoustical Impact of Ships and Harbours: Airborne and Underwater N&V Pollution
(2019)
Noise and vibrations generated by ships affect a wide range of receivers: crew and passengers inside the vessel, inhabitants of the coastal areas and marine fauna outside it. Recent studies suggest that a large percentage ...
Application of Nonlinear Analysis to the Study of Complex Systems in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
(2016)
Although nonlinear dynamics have been mastered by physicists and mathematicians for a long time (as most physical systems are inherently nonlinear in nature), the recent successful application of nonlinear methods to ...
Application of Nanotechnology in Food Science and Food Microbiology
(2018)
Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving discipline that already produces outstanding basic knowledge and industrial applications for the benefit of society. It is a new emerging and fascinating field of science, that permits ...
Applications of Quantum Mechanical Techniques to Areas Outside of Quantum Mechanics
(2018)
This book deals with applications of quantum mechanical techniques to areas outside of quantum mechanics, so-called quantum-like modeling. Research in this area has grown over the last 15 years. But even already more than ...
Applications of Novel Analytical Methods in Epidemiology
(2018)
The repertoire of quantitative analytical techniques in disciplines such as ecology, decision science, and evolutionary biology has grown, in part enabled by the development and increased availability of computational ...
Applications of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Tools in Microbiology of Infectious Diseases
(2017)
Epidemiology is a discipline intended to systematically investigate, and ideally quantify, disease dynamics in populations (Perez, 2015). Epidemiological assessmentsmay be divided into four large areas, namely, (a) ...
Applied Olfactory Cognition
(2014)
Foreword by Richard J. Stevenson, Macquarie University (Australia): It was long thought that the human nose might be able to discriminate somewhere in the order of 10,000 different odourants. The recent finding that the ...
Aquaporins: Dynamic Role and Regulation
(2017)
Aquaporins (AQPs), a class of integral membrane proteins, form channels facilitating movement of water and many other solutes. In solute transport systems of all living organisms including plants, animals and fungi, AQPs ...
Archaeal Cell Envelope and Surface Structures
(2016)
Prokaryotes have a complex cell envelope which has several important functions, including providing a barrier that protects the cytoplasm from the environment. Along with its associated proteinaceous structures, it also ...
Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources
(2016)
The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and ...
Advances in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Model Systems, Microenvironmental Influences, Therapy, and Origins
(2016)
This eBook provides a compendium of the current state-of-the-art in research tools for, and understanding of, the critical research areas in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with a strong emphasis on (HG-SOC). Research areas ...
Advances in Emotion Regulation: From Neuroscience to Psychotherapy
(2017)
Emotions are the gift nature gave us to help us connect with others. Emotions do not come from out of nowhere. Rather, they are constantly generated, usually by stimuli in our interpersonal world. They bond us to others, ...
Is Conflict Adaptation an Illusion?
(2015)
Conflict adaptation theory is one of the most popular theories in cognitive psychology. The theory argues that participants strategically modulate attention away from distracting stimulus features in response to conflict. ...
Is the Language Faculty Non Linguistic?
(2016)
A line of research in cognitive science over several decades has been dedicated to finding an innate, language-specific cognitive system, a faculty which allows human infants to acquire languages natively without formal ...