Publications
Now showing items 421-480 of 1372
Fragmentation in Sleep and Mind: Linking Dissociative Symptoms, Sleep, and Memory
(2018)
Fragmented, dissociated consciousness can characterize the mind in both wake and sleep states. Dissociative symptoms, during sleep, include vivid dreaming, nightmares, and alterations in objective sleep parameters (e.g., ...
Fungal Jewels: Secondary Metabolites
(2017)
Fungal natural products are friends and foes of humans such as deleterious mycotoxins, cytotoxic, carcinogenic compounds or beneficial compounds such as antibiotics, fungicides, insecticides, antiviral and antitumor ...
Gene Silencing and Editing Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases
(2018)
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Despite significant differences in their causes, neuropathological abnormalities, and clinical outcomes, some ...
Gene function in schistosomes: recent advances towards a cure
(2015)
Schistosomes are human parasites distributed worldwide in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, especially in developing countries and impoverished regions. These neglected tropical disease (NTD) pathogens causes debilitating ...
Extracellular Nucleotides in the Regulation of Kidney Functions
(2015)
ATP is normally regarded as the major source of fuel for the energy-demanding processes within cells; however, ATP and other nucleotides (such as ADP, UTP, UDP) can be released from cells, where they act as autocrine or ...
Extinction Learning from a Mechanistic and Systems Perspective
(2016)
Throughout their lifetime, animals learn to associate stimuli with their consequences. Following memory acquisition and consolidation, circumstances may arise that necessitate that initially learned behaviour is no longer ...
Fishing for Human Perceptions in Coastal and Island Marine Resource Use Systems
(2018)
Human perceptions, decision-making and (pro-) environmental behaviour are closely connected. This Research Topic focuses on bringing together perceptions and behaviour for sustainable coastal and island marine resource use ...
Hallucinations: New Interventions Supporting People with Distressing Voices and/or Visions
(2016)
Hallucinations can occur across the five sensory modalities (auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory). Whilst they have the potential to be benign or even highly valued, they can often be devastating experiences ...
Health and Children with Disabilities
(2017)
Articles within this e-book are focused on the health of children with disabilities. Various frameworks have been used to articulate the dynamic interaction of the individual, environment and the task as it relates to child ...
Histamine in the Brain
(2015)
Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, ...
Global Challenges in Radiation Oncology
(2015)
In the United States, much of the research is focused on developing new and very expensive technologies and drugs - often without a major therapeutic benefit. In resource limited countries, basic oncology care is frequently ...
Glial Plasticity in Depression
(2016)
Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron ...
The Global Challenge Posed by the Multiresistant International Clones of Bacterial Pathogens
(2017)
Multiresistant bacterial pathogens pose a serious problem worldwide making the appropriate treatment of patients with healthcare-associated infections a challenge. The spread of antibiotic resistance is either mediated by ...
Global Change, Clonal Growth, and Biological Invasions by Plants
(2016)
There are few more active frontiers in plant science than helping understand and predict the ecological consequences of on-going, global changes in climate, land use and cover, nutrient cycling, and acidity. This collection ...
The Good, The Bad and The Ugly: Multiple Roles of Bacteria in Human Life
(2018)
Bacteria are among the earliest forms of life on Earth. Notwithstanding their small size and primitive origin, bacteria still have a tremendous impact on everyday human life. Over the centuries, research into bacteria have ...
Good News - Bad News: The Two Faces of Immune Privilege
(2014)
Immune privilege was once thought to be the property of a few select sites that include the eye, brain, testis, pregnant uterus and (of all things) the hamster cheek pouch, and was believed to be mainly based on sequestration ...
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Signaling and Functions
(2018)
This eBook provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor evolution, structure, signaling and functions. Apart from review articles, it comprises exciting new research, ...
Gram-positive phages: From isolation to application
(2015)
Phage biology is one of the most significant and fundamental aspects of biological research and is often used as a platform for model studies relating to more complex biological entities. For this reason, phage biology has ...
The Grammar of Multilingualism
(2016)
This volume investigates the nature of grammatical representations in speakers who master multiple languages. Since the early days of modern formal approaches to grammar, most work has been based on the language of monolingual ...
Habits: Plasticity, learning and freedom
(2015)
In present times, certain fields of science are becoming aware of the necessity to go beyond a restrictive specialization, and establish an open dialogue with other disciplines. Such is the case of the approach that ...
Habituation mechanisms and their impact on cognitive function
(2015)
Habituation describes the progressive decrease of the amplitude or frequency of a motor response to repeated sensory stimulation that is not caused by sensory receptor adaptation or motor fatigue. Habituation can occur in ...
Harvesting Plant and Microbial Biodiversity for Sustainably Enhanced Food Security
(2018)
The World population will reach 9 billion by 2050, with the majority of this growth occurring in developing countries. On the other hand, one in nine of the World's population suffers from chronic hunger, the vast majority ...
High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks
(2018)
In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of ...
High-Level Adaptation and Aftereffects
(2017)
Aftereffects generally occur after a prolonged exposure (adaptation) to a first stimulus possessing one given property followed by presentation of a stimulus bearing a neutral value of that property. The aftereffect consists ...
Glial Cells: Managers of Neuro-immunity
(2016)
Immune responses within the brain are still scarcely explored. Nerve tissue damage is accompanied by the activation of glial cells, primarily microglia and astroglia, and such activation is responsible for the release of ...
Grappling with the Multifaceted World of the DNA Damage Response
(2017)
DNA damage is a major threat to genomic integrity and cell survival. It can arise both spontaneously and in response to exogenous agents. DNA damage can attack most parts of the DNA structure, ranging from minor and major ...
Fitness Costs and Benefits of Female Song
(2017)
Bird song, traditionally regarded as primarily a male trait, is in fact widespread among female songbirds and was probably present in the ancestor of modern songbirds (Odom et al 2014 Nature Communications). These recent ...
Gut Health: The New Paradigm in Animal Production?
(2016)
Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a ...
Heart Rate Variability: Clinical Applications and Interaction between HRV and Heart Rate
(2015)
Over the last decades, assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) has increased in various fields of research. HRV describes changes in heartbeat intervals, which are caused by autonomic neural regulation, i.e. by the ...
Hemispheric Bases for Emotion and Memory
(2015)
It has become clear that the two halves of the cortex differ in their contributions to both affective and memory processes. Still, the exact nature of the interrelationships among hemispheric function, emotion, and memory ...
Hierarchical Object Representations in the Visual Cortex and Computer Vision
(2016)
Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception ...
Golgi Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases
(2016)
The Golgi apparatus is a central organelle that lies at the heart of the secretory pathway. It ensures post-translational protein modifications such as glycosylation and cleavage as well as protein sorting to neuronal axons ...
Flow and Transformations in Porous Media
(2017)
Fluid flow in transforming porous rocks, fracture networks, and granular media is a very active interdisciplinary research subject in Physics, Earth Sciences, and Engineering. Examples of natural and engineered processes ...
Harnessing Useful Rhizosphere Microorganisms for Pathogen and Pest Biocontrol
(2017)
Growing demographic trends require sustainable technologies to improve quality and yield of future food productions. However, there is uncertainty about plant protection strategies in many agro-ecosystems. Pests, diseases, ...
Harm and Benefit of Plant and Fungal Secondary Metabolites in Food Animal Production
(2018)
Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. ...
Harnessing oncolytic virus-mediated immunity
(2015)
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising anticancer treatment. OVs selectively infect, replicate in, and kill tumor cells. Oncolytic viral therapy occurs in two phases: an initial phase where the virus mediates ...
Health Care Financing and Affordability in the Emerging Global Markets
(2016)
During the recent few decades, global economic growth has been driven largely by developing world economies. The ones with the most intensive pace of development were marked as “emerging“ markets led by so called BRICS and ...
Hemichannels; from the molecule to the function
(2015)
Coordinated cell interactions are required to accomplish several complex and dynamic tasks observed in several tissues. Cell function may be coordinated by cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions channels (GJCs). ...
Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution
(2017)
Viruses are widely present in nature, and numerous viral species with a variety of unique characteristics have been identified so far. Even now, new emerging or re-emerging viruses are being found or re-found as novel viral ...
Global health issues of aflatoxins in food and agriculture: Challenges and opportunities
(2015)
Aflatoxins are a group of polyketide mycotoxins that are produced mainly by members of the genus Aspergillus. Production of these toxic secondary metabolites is closely related to fungal development (Keller et al., 2005; ...
Glycolysis at 75: Is it time to tweak the first elucidated metabolic pathway in history?
(2015)
Glycolysis, the pathway of enzymatic reactions responsible for the breakdown of glucose into two trioses and further into pyruvate or lactate, was elucidated in 1940. For more than seven decades, it has been taught precisely ...
Glycan Diversity in Fungi, Bacteria and Sea Organisms
(2016)
The cell surface of fungi, bacteria and sea organisms is highly glycosylated. These glycans are oligo- or polysaccharide molecules that can be secreted or attached to protein or lipids forming glycoconjugates. They present ...
Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity; Resilience and Community Dynamics
(2017)
Natural and anthropogenic grasslands such as prairies, meadows, rangelands, and pastures cover more than 40% of the planet’s surface and provide a wealth of ecological services. Grasslands alone store one third of the ...
Fluency and Reading Comprehension in Typical Readers and Dyslexics Readers
(2018)
Reading involves decoding and comprehension components and, to become efficient, it requires a large number of cognitive and linguistic processes. Among those, the phonological awareness, the alphabetic principle, the ...
The Impact of Active and Passive Smoking upon Health and Neurocognitive Function
(2016)
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including a variety of cancers, lung disease and damage to the cardiovascular system. The World Health Organization recently calculated that there ...
Impact of Aerosols (Saharan Dust and Mixed) on the East Mediterranean Oligotrophic Ecosystem; Results from Experimental Studies
(2017)
In oligotrophic environments, dust and nutrient inputs via atmospheric routes are considered important sources of macro-nutrients and micro-trace metals fuelling primary and secondary production. Yet, the impact of these ...
Immunotherapy for Tumor in the Brain: Insights From - and For - Other Tumor Sites
(2018)
Tumor immunotherapy has now shown its promise for many, its disappointments and failings for others. Going forward, brain tumor patients can both benefit and contribute. Tumor immunotherapy is steadily progressing. As ...
In Memory of Mary Ellen Avery
(2014)
Mary Ellen Avery was the driving force behind the discipline of Neonatology. She fought against convention when she published her ground-breaking paper in 1959 showing that Hyaline Membrane Disease was caused by lung ...
In Search of In Vivo MSC
(2017)
Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response
(2017)
Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. ...
Individuality in music performance
(2014)
Humans are remarkably adept at identifying individuals on the basis of their facial features, or other traits such as gait or vocal timbre. Besides voice, another auditory medium capable of carrying identity information ...
Induced Resistance for Plant Defence
(2016)
In this century the human being must face the challenges of producing enough to feed a growing population in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. The yields are with increasing frequency affected by abiotic ...
Infants’ Understanding and Production of Goal-Directed Actions in the Context of Social and Object-Related Interactions
(2017)
Since the discovery of mirror neurons, the study of human infant goal-directed actions and object manipulation has burgeoned into new and exciting research directions. A number of infant studies have begun emphasizing the ...
Infection and Inflammation: Potential Triggers of Sudden Infant Deaths
(2016)
There is a growing body of evidence that infectious agents or their products contribute to events leading to unexpected infant deaths. This issue summarizes the current information on the interactions between genetic ...
Influenza Virus Vaccines and Immunotherapies
(2016)
Influenza virus infections lead to thousands of deaths worldwide annually and billions of dollars economic burden. Despite continuing advances in our understanding of the immune evasion mechanism, the disease remains one ...
Inner Experiences: Theory, Measurement, Frequency, Content, and Functions
(2016)
One fundamental topic of scientific inquiry in psychology is the study of what William James called the 'stream of consciousness', our ongoing experience of the world and ourselves from within—our inner experiences. These ...
Innate Immune Cell Determinants of T Cell Immunity: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Implications
(2016)
Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by an array of individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed and highly specific antigen receptors recognizing an almost infinite number of antigens that might enter in ...
Innate immunity and neurodegenerative disorders
(2014)
Inflammation of the brain in the context of neurodegenerative disorders is an area of intense debate and discussion, not least in terms of its pathogenic significance and the extent to which it drives disease processes and ...
History of Chemoattractant Research
(2016)
In the Research Topic "History of Chemoattractant Research" we will portray some of the key discoveries that helped to transform cell migration research into a global playing field within immunology (and beyond). Early ...
Homeostasis and Allostasis of Thyroid Function
(2018)
The discovery of the negative feedback of thyroid hormones on pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion, a classical endocrine feedback control system, has shaped diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease for ...