Publications
Now showing items 61-120 of 335
EIB Working Paper 2020/05 - Financing constraints and employers’ investment in training (Volume 2020/5)
(2020)
Using a representative sample of European firms, this paper studies whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers’ decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/07 - Can European businesses achieve productivity gains from investments in energy efficiency?
(2021)
When they consider investing in energy efficiency measures many firms focus only on direct energy savings and do not consider non-energy benefits that include increased labour productivity. To date, due to lack of high-quality ...
Why are women entrepreneurs missing out on funding?
(2020)
The study assesses the access-to-risk-capital conditions for women-driven companies in Europe in comparison to the US and Israel to contextualise emergent cross-country and regional barriers and gaps. The study finds that ...
The EIB COVID-19 Economic Vulnerability Index - An analysis of countries outside the European Union
(2020)
Which countries are most vulnerable to a virus such as COVID-19? Which countries should take the most stringent precautions to prevent the spread of such a virus? The EIB COVID-19 Economic Vulnerability Index covers countries ...
The story of your city (Volume 1)
(2018)
By the end of this century, 9 out of 10 Europeans will live in an urban area. But what kind of city will they call home? You'll find all the answers in CITY, TRANSFORMED, the new essay series from the European Investment ...
Don't fear AI (Volume 2)
(2019)
Over the last decade, Europe and most advanced economies have experienced a decline in productivity, leading to political unrest and rising uncertainty about the future. A new production revolution, enabled in part by ...
Banking in Africa
(2020)
In its fifth edition, this report focuses on recent developments in Africa’s banking sectors and the policy options for all stakeholders. The study of banking sectors across all African sub-regions includes the results of ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/11 - A structural analysis of foreign exchange markets in sub-Saharan Africa
(2022)
"Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have liberalised their foreign exchange markets and capital accounts, and have moved to more flexible exchange rates, in recent decades. In this context, the interaction between ...
Togetherness
(2020)
Europe’s cultural heritage is a vast, multifaceted mosaic showing who we were, who we are and who we aspire to be. We are all responsible for this huge, precious and fragile legacy.
The coronavirus pandemic revealed that ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/09 - The impact of international financial institutions on small and medium enterprises
(2019)
IFIs provide funding for SMEs, but what impact does this actually have on these firms? This working paper assesses the impact of funding by the EIB on the performance of more than 5,000 SMEs in eight countries in Central ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/04 - Aggregate productivity slowdown in Europe
(2021)
Using firm balance sheet data, this paper shows the impact of credit constraints on allocative efficiency and productivity growth. Allocative efficiency is the extent to which resources, including labour, are distributed ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don’t like about bank loans
(2019)
We use the association between non-financial firms and their banks, an information available in the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS), to disentangle the effects of borrowers’ and lenders’ financial weakness ...
EIB Complaints Mechanism Report 2020
(2021)
Any concerns about an EIB Group activity or project? The Complaints Mechanism listens to citizens and ensures their voice can be heard. Have a look at its Activity Report for 2020. 2020 was a particularly challenging year ...
EIB Group Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This report tracks the green thread that runs through the European Investment Bank Group’s work in 2019, specifically action to fight climate change. Climate action has long been a significant factor in the Bank’s work. ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe
(2019)
Labour markets are undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses ...
A bright future (Volume 6)
(2019)
There is good news and bad news in the renewable energy industry. We have made a lot of progress in green energy over the past few years as technologies have improved and the costs of production have fallen. But we are not ...
Food for change (Volume 9)
(2019)
Massimo Bottura is more than a Michelin star-winning chef. Together with Lara Gilmore, he also founded Food for Soul, a non-profit organisation seeking to reduce food waste through social inclusion and mitigate the carbon ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group 2019 Sustainability Report provides an overview of the European Investment Bank Group’s operations and impact as they relate to our objective to support smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in a challenging ...
Africa’s digital solutions to tackle COVID-19
(2020)
African countries are using technology in many new ways to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This report highlights some of the best digital solutions and estimates the investments required to implement the technology on a ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2020
(2021)
Supporting sustainable and inclusive growth is at the heart of the EIB Group’s lending. The EIB Group 2020 Sustainability Report looks at the impact of our global activities and our own corporate responsibility efforts. ...
Health is wealth (Volume 3)
(2019)
Surgical intervention saves lives, but health policies in the developing world have often been too feeble or too focused on treating specific emergencies, rather than ensuring that everyone has access to true universal ...
EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund Annual Report 2019
(2020)
The EU-AITF promotes infrastructure investment in sub-Saharan Africa and thereby helps eradicate poverty and stimulate sustainable economic growth. The Fund works by blending grants, provided by donors, and long-term ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/02 - Impact of FDI on economic growth
(2020)
The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is affected by incomes levels and the quality of the institutional environment. This paper examines these relationships based on data for 111 countries, ...
EIB Investment Report 2020/2021
(2021)
The European Union's massive efforts to rebuild after the coronavirus pandemic present a unique opportunity to transform its economy, making it more green and digital – and ultimately more competitive. The Investment Report ...
Győr
(2019)
Located between three European capital cities, Győr has to work hard to attract investment and jobs. The Hungarian city has set itself up to attract innovative companies, creating new urban values such as education-based ...
EIB Fraud Investigations Activity Report 2020
(2021)
This Fraud Investigations Activity Report describes the activities of the Inspectorate General’s Fraud Investigations Division (IG/IN) in 2020, giving an overview of IG/IN’s work to prevent, detect, investigate and remedy ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/06 - Efficiency and effectiveness of the COVID-19 government support
(2021)
We utilize several unique firm-level datasets in order to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the government support aiming to curb the economic consequences of the coronavirus (COVID- 19) pandemic. The results, ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/08 - Investment
(2019)
In Romania, the share of firms carrying out investment is amongst the lowest in the European Union. This is despite strong economic growth in recent years and persistent needs for upgrading the capital stock in the country. ...
European firms and climate change 2020/2021
(2021)
The European Union’s COVID-19 recovery plan could be the impetus businesses need to invest in climate measures and prepare for the transition to a net-zero carbon economy. Our newest climate report looks at how firms’ view ...
The EIB Climate Survey 2020-2021 - The climate crisis in a COVID-19 world
(2021)
The third edition of the EIB Climate Survey shows that COVID-19 has changed people’s perception of the climate emergency. Most Europeans now consider the pandemic to be the greatest challenge facing their countries, but ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/04 - Can survey-based information help to assess investment gaps in the EU? (Volume 2019/4)
(2019)
Information from surveys can be used alongside macroeconomic indicators to provide a better understanding of the obstacles to investment faced by firms. This study uses merged firm level data from the European Investment ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/10 - The simpler, the better
(2021)
In this paper we assess the merits of financial condition indices constructed using simple averages versus a more sophisticated alternative that uses factor models with time varying parameters. Our analysis is based on ...
Finance in Africa
(2021)
Africa’s recovery from the COVID-19 crisis will depend on private firms sustaining and creating jobs. But even previously thriving enterprises have been badly hit by the crisis. This report outlines the consequences of the ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/10 - Structural and cyclical determinants of access to finance
(2020)
Egyptian firms face significant access to finance constraints. Using panel data, this paper examines the reasons why many Egyptian firms do not use formal banking services. Using data on the location of firms and bank ...
Warsaw
(2018)
With 3 million residents, the Metropolitan Warsaw region is today the ninth most-populated capital city in the EU. It has undergone a series of far-reaching changes to its economic structure over the past 50 years to attain ...
Three foundations
(2019)
Europe faces a historic opportunity. We need to reimagine European unity as a collective endeavour, as the only way in which we can turn threats to our way of life into the possibility to create a better life for all. This ...
The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025
(2020)
The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025 outlines our goals for climate finance that supports the European Green Deal and helps make Europe carbon-neutral by 2050. It maps the next stages in the journey to a sustainable ...
EIB Statistical Report 2019
(2020)
The Statistical Report presents in list form the projects financed and borrowings undertaken by the EIB in 2019, together with a list of the EIF's projects. It also includes summary tables for the year and over the last ...
EIB Impact Report 2020
(2021)
Investments supported by the European Investment Bank help achieve EU and international policy goals. The report specifically measures the effectiveness of our investments in three key areas: Additionality: the EIB’s ...
Ten years of the Vienna Initiative
(2019)
Amidst the global financial crisis, international institutions, national authorities and international commercial banks collaborated closely to prevent contagion spreading to Central, East and south east Europe. They built ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/07 - The growing digital divide in Europe and the United States (Volume 2020/7)
(2020)
Using the EIBIS Digital and Skills Survey on digitalisation activities of firms in the EU and the US, this study confirms the trend toward a growing digital divide in the corporate landscape with, on one side, many firms ...
The European Fund for Strategic Investments
(2021)
The inside story of the European Fund for Strategic Investments from 2015 to 2020 told through interviews with the Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director, members of the Investment Committee and final beneficiaries ...
Smart Europe (Volume 4)
(2019)
A green digital economy could change the future of the Old Continent. The new Smart Europe will be based on three elements: new communication technologies, new sources of energy and new modes of mobility. But the transition ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/01 - How can favourable financing improve energy efficiency investments?
(2020)
Financial instruments and technical assistance are effective in increasing investments in energy efficiency.
When these favourable conditions are combined, the probability that firms invest in energy efficiency increases ...
Global reach
(2020)
The greatest challenges we face to today are global. This is true for climate change and the need to build new models of sustainable and resilient development. It is equally true for the coronavirus pandemic that threatens ...
EIB Investment Report 2019/2020 - Key Findings
(2019)
The Investment Report, issued annually by the European Investment Bank, provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of investment and the financing of investment in the European Union. It combines the exploration of ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/12 - Determinants of the exchange rate, its volatility and currency crash risk in Africa’s low and lower middle-income countries
(2022)
"The last three decades have witnessed substantial changes in the foreign exchange markets in Africa, with moves towards liberalisation and flexible exchange rate regimes. This has increased the influence of financial ...
Hope and strength in the Western Balkans
(2020)
The Western Balkans have been a crossing point between Central Europe and the East for centuries.
Devastated by tragic conflicts, nationalism and neglected investments, the Western Balkan countries are striving to find a ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/03 - Assessing climate change risks at the country level
(2021)
The EIB Climate Change Risk Country Scoring Model provides a way to comprehensively assess the climate change risks faced by more than 180 countries. The two sets of scores for physical and transition risks aggregate ...
A Partnership with Africa
(2021)
Africa is embarking upon a period in which its political, economic and social outlook will transform. The European Investment Bank is a key part of the EU toolbox that for decades has helped make the partnership between ...
Investment barriers in the European Union 2023
(2024)
Discover key insights from the Investment barriers report 2023, an authoritative assessment by the European Investment Bank Group on investment hurdles in the European Union. The report underscores the pivotal role of ...
Investment barriers in the European Union 2023
(2024)
Discover key insights from the Investment barriers report 2023, an authoritative assessment by the European Investment Bank Group on investment hurdles in the European Union. The report underscores the pivotal role of ...
I have a dream (Volume 8)
(2019)
All athletes experience setbacks. But to have your limbs - the very tools you use to practice your sport - taken away by an illness at a young age is a setback that many would never overcome. Bebe Vio never gave up her ...
I have a dream (Volume 8)
(2019)
All athletes experience setbacks. But to have your limbs - the very tools you use to practice your sport - taken away by an illness at a young age is a setback that many would never overcome. Bebe Vio never gave up her ...
From starting to scaling
(2020)
High growth startups are widely recognized as key sources of employment, productivity growth and innovation. However, while the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on startups remains to be seen, many now face greater ...
From starting to scaling
(2020)
High growth startups are widely recognized as key sources of employment, productivity growth and innovation. However, while the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on startups remains to be seen, many now face greater ...
How do firms cope with losses from extreme weather events? - EIB Working Paper 2022/10
(2022)
When firms suffer losses from extreme weather events, such as storms, foods, droughts or landslides, it has implications for their investment plans and the finance their need. This paper investigates the investment and ...
How do firms cope with losses from extreme weather events? - EIB Working Paper 2022/10
(2022)
When firms suffer losses from extreme weather events, such as storms, foods, droughts or landslides, it has implications for their investment plans and the finance their need. This paper investigates the investment and ...
The genome e-volution (Volume 12)
(2020)
“We have made great progress, but we are still vulnerable and our common commitment to fight global health challenges is not yet strong enough. Despite our knowledge, despite new technologies, without concentrated and ...
The genome e-volution (Volume 12)
(2020)
“We have made great progress, but we are still vulnerable and our common commitment to fight global health challenges is not yet strong enough. Despite our knowledge, despite new technologies, without concentrated and ...