Publications
Now showing items 241-280 of 335
EIB Working Paper 2023/03 -
(2023)
Does an increase in lending by multinational development banks affect the private lending activity in developing countries? This paper shows that this is indeed the case using data on loans and investments by the EIB in ...
On Water (Volume 1)
(2019)
When taking a drink is as easy as turning a tap, it is easy to forget that our water supply is fragile and that hundreds of millions of people do not have clean drinking water or proper sanitation.The human impact on our ...
Who is prepared for the new digital age?
(2020)
In the fight against the Coronavirus, digital technology is playing an unprecedented role in the maintenance of daily life and economic and social activities, as well as the recovery of industries and business activities. ...
Who is prepared for the new digital age?
(2020)
In the fight against the Coronavirus, digital technology is playing an unprecedented role in the maintenance of daily life and economic and social activities, as well as the recovery of industries and business activities. ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/03 - Assessing climate change risks at the country level
(2021)
The EIB Climate Change Risk Country Scoring Model provides a way to comprehensively assess the climate change risks faced by more than 180 countries. The two sets of scores for physical and transition risks aggregate ...
European Investment Bank Group Fraud Investigations Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This Fraud Investigations Activity Report covers the activities of the Inspectorate General’s Fraud Investigations Division (IG/IN) in 2019. It provides an overview of the work undertaken by IG/IN to prevent, detect, ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits
(2019)
Energy audits are key to increase investments in energy efficiency
This paper assesses the effectiveness of policy interventions in promoting energy audits by relying on evidence from a unique experiment.
The findings of ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/03 - Assessing climate change risks at the country level
(2021)
The EIB Climate Change Risk Country Scoring Model provides a way to comprehensively assess the climate change risks faced by more than 180 countries. The two sets of scores for physical and transition risks aggregate ...
European Investment Bank Group Fraud Investigations Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This Fraud Investigations Activity Report covers the activities of the Inspectorate General’s Fraud Investigations Division (IG/IN) in 2019. It provides an overview of the work undertaken by IG/IN to prevent, detect, ...
On Water (Volume 1)
(2019)
When taking a drink is as easy as turning a tap, it is easy to forget that our water supply is fragile and that hundreds of millions of people do not have clean drinking water or proper sanitation.The human impact on our ...
EIB Investment Report 2019/2020
(2019)
The Investment Report, issued annually by the European Investment Bank, provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of investment and the financing of investment in the European Union. It combines the exploration of ...
20230030 Financing and borrowing activities 2022
(2024)
The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral investor. This report lays out the EU bank’s priorities and details its investments in the projects that support those policy goals. The European Investment ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/13 - COVID-19 and the resilience of European firms
(2022)
Past research suggests that economic crisis lead to a reallocation of resources from less productive to more productive firms, with many firms taking action to boost their own productivity. This paper uses data from the ...
What drives firms' investment in climate change?
(2023)
High energy prices in Europe and uncertainty caused by the Ukraine war are testing EU firms’ ability to invest in climate change measures.
Europe urgently needs to embrace the transition to green energy, and firms will ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/08 - Do financing conditions pose a threat to the performance and transformation of SMEs?
(2024)
The availability of internal and external financing sources significantly influences firms’ investments and growth. Even profitable firms with ample financing in normal times can be adversely affected by demand and supply ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/01 - Advanced digital technologies and investment in employee training
(2023)
The use of advanced digital technologies such as 3D printing, advanced robotics, drones, big data analytics and artificial intelligence is spreading. These technologies have uncertain implications for labour demand. Affected ...
Africa’s digital solutions to tackle COVID-19
(2020)
African countries are using technology in many new ways to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This report highlights some of the best digital solutions and estimates the investments required to implement the technology on a ...
EIB Group Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This report tracks the green thread that runs through the European Investment Bank Group’s work in 2019, specifically action to fight climate change. Climate action has long been a significant factor in the Bank’s work. ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe
(2019)
Labour markets are undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/05 - A positive trade-off: Emissions reduction and costs under Phase IV of the Emissions Trading System
(2024)
The manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on this manufacturing sector. It employs a panel ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/03 - Access to finance and corporate emissions: A distributional perspective
(2024)
The ability of firms to reduce carbon emissions is linked to how well they can invest in new lower-emissions technologies, and thus to the types of finance they can access. This study investigates the relationship between ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/01 - Dynamics of productive investment and gaps between the United States and EU countries
(2024)
After the global financial crisis, investment fell more substantially than it had in the wake of previous recessions. With investment seemingly recovering faster in the United States than in Europe, the fear of a lasting ...
Support for female entrepreneurs
(2022)
Women’s economic empowerment has improved rapidly in the last century. Today, many women are not just fully engaged in the workplace; some lead international organisations, corporations and countries. But gender gaps, still ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/11 - A structural analysis of foreign exchange markets in sub-Saharan Africa
(2022)
"Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have liberalised their foreign exchange markets and capital accounts, and have moved to more flexible exchange rates, in recent decades. In this context, the interaction between ...
CESEE Bank Lending Survey – Spring 2023
(2023)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
Carbon Footprint Report 2023
(2024)
This report offers a detailed analysis of the European Investment Bank Group’s greenhouse gas emissions from its head office operations in Luxembourg for 2023. It includes a comparative performance review against 2022 and ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2020
(2021)
Supporting sustainable and inclusive growth is at the heart of the EIB Group’s lending. The EIB Group 2020 Sustainability Report looks at the impact of our global activities and our own corporate responsibility efforts. ...
Togetherness
(2020)
Europe’s cultural heritage is a vast, multifaceted mosaic showing who we were, who we are and who we aspire to be. We are all responsible for this huge, precious and fragile legacy.
The coronavirus pandemic revealed that ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/09 - The impact of international financial institutions on small and medium enterprises
(2019)
IFIs provide funding for SMEs, but what impact does this actually have on these firms? This working paper assesses the impact of funding by the EIB on the performance of more than 5,000 SMEs in eight countries in Central ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/06 - Intangible differences: Investment during the pandemic and the role of financial constraints
(2024)
The COVID-19 crisis triggered a reduction in investment by European firms, affecting both tangible assets like buildings and machinery, and investments in intangible assets like research and development (R&D) and training. ...
A bright future (Volume 6)
(2019)
There is good news and bad news in the renewable energy industry. We have made a lot of progress in green energy over the past few years as technologies have improved and the costs of production have fallen. But we are not ...
EIB Investment Report 2023/2024 - Key Findings
(2024)
The European economy is under pressure. Growth is slowing and competitive challenges are rising, all while EU firms navigate the demands of the green transition. Coordinated support from national governments and EU ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group 2019 Sustainability Report provides an overview of the European Investment Bank Group’s operations and impact as they relate to our objective to support smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in a challenging ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don’t like about bank loans
(2019)
We use the association between non-financial firms and their banks, an information available in the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS), to disentangle the effects of borrowers’ and lenders’ financial weakness ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits
(2019)
Energy audits are key to increase investments in energy efficiency
This paper assesses the effectiveness of policy interventions in promoting energy audits by relying on evidence from a unique experiment.
The findings of ...
Food for change (Volume 9)
(2019)
Massimo Bottura is more than a Michelin star-winning chef. Together with Lara Gilmore, he also founded Food for Soul, a non-profit organisation seeking to reduce food waste through social inclusion and mitigate the carbon ...
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe
(2025)
Local governments are on the front lines of some of today’s biggest challenges – climate change, affordable housing and equitable and effective education. But are they ready to invest at the scale needed? Our latest EIB ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/04 - Aggregate productivity slowdown in Europe
(2021)
Using firm balance sheet data, this paper shows the impact of credit constraints on allocative efficiency and productivity growth. Allocative efficiency is the extent to which resources, including labour, are distributed ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/03 - Investment decisions in a high-inflation environment
(2024)
In the 2021-2022 period, European firms have faced historically high inflation, with annual increases in consumer prices peaking at 11.5 % in October 2022. While the linkage between high inflation and investments is expected ...
Hidden champions, missed opportunities
(2023)
The report zooms in on the mid-cap category of firms, an essential part of the economy, but not well researched, partly due to a lack of a clear definition of these type of enterprises in statistical databases. To fill a ...