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            Die zivilrechtliche Haftung für autonome Drohnen unter Einbezug von Zulassungs- und Betriebsvorschriften

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            Author(s)
            Hänsenberger, Silvio
            Collection
            Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
            Language
            German
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            Abstract
            The characteristics and abilities of autonomous drones pose major chal­lenges for liability law. Nowadays only personal injury and damage to property on the ground are covered by strict liability (Art. 64 para. 1 Swiss Aviation Act). Injured parties are in danger of being left without legal pro­tection in the event of mid-air collisions, as claims for damages cannot be asserted on the basis of erroneous decisions by an algorithm, either through liability for wilful or negligent wrongdoing (Art. 41 para. 1 Swiss Code of Obligations) or product liability. The same applies to purely pecu­niary loss. The question of liability for wilful or negligent wrongdoing arises only if duties of care were violated when using autonomous drones. Such duties of care may ensue from permit and operating regulations. Currently autonomous flights without the possibility of direct control and beyond a pilot’s field of vision are allowed only with special permits. As international efforts show, such barriers will come down in future. Appropriate licensing and operating regulations as described in this dissertation will therefore be required. At the same time it will be necessary to extend strict liability under aviation law for unmanned aircraft that are not steered by a pilot to damage in the event of mid-air collisions and to purely pecuniary damage. The specific legal formulations and their legislative implementation are proposed and discussed here for this purpose.
             
            Die Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten autonomer Drohnen stellen das Haft­pflichtrecht vor grosse Herausforderungen. Heute sind nur Personen- und Sachschäden auf der Erde durch eine Gefährdungshaftung (Art. 64 Abs. 1 LFG) gedeckt. Bei Luftkollisionen drohen Geschädigte ohne Rechtsschutz zu bleiben, da Schadenersatzansprüche aufgrund von Fehlentscheidungen eines Algorithmus weder mittels Verschuldenshaftung (Art. 41 Abs. 1 OR) noch mit der Haftung für Produkte durchsetzbar sind. Dasselbe gilt bei reinen Vermögensschäden. Einzig falls beim Einsatz autonomer Drohnen Sorgfaltspflichten verletzt wurden, kommt eine Haftung aus Verschulden infrage. Solche Sorgfaltspflichten können sich aus Zulassungs- und Be­triebsvorschriften ergeben. Heute sind autonome Flüge ohne direkte Kon­trollmöglichkeit und ausserhalb des Sichtbereichs eines Piloten nur mit Ausnahmebewilligungen erlaubt. Künftig werden solche Schranken weg­fallen, wie internationale Bestrebungen zeigen. Dafür sind sachgerechte Zulassungs- und Betriebsvorschriften notwendig, die in dieser Dissertation beschrieben werden. Gleichzeitig bedarf es einer Ausdehnung der luft­rechtlichen Gefährdungshaftung für unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge, die nicht durch einen Piloten gesteuert werden, auf Schäden bei Luftkollisionen und auf reine Vermögensschäden. Zu diesem Zweck werden vorliegend kon­krete Gesetzesformulierungen vorgeschlagen und deren gesetzgeberische Umsetzung erörtert.
             
            URI
            https://doab-dev.siscern.org/handle/20.500.12854/176363
            Keywords
            Law; Public Liability Law; Aviation Law; Robots Law; Robotics; Autonomous Systems; Drones; unmanned aerial vehicle; Recht; Haftpflichtrecht; Luftrecht; Roboterrecht; Robotik; autonome Systeme; Drohnen; thema EDItEUR::L Law; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNC Company, commercial and competition law: general::LNCB Commercial law::LNCB6 Aviation law; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics
            DOI
            10.24921/2018.94115928
            ISBN
            9783941159273
            Publisher
            Carl Grossmann Verlag
            Publisher website
            www.carlgrossmann.com
            Publication date and place
            Berlin; Bern, 2018
            Grantor
            • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
            Series
            sui generis,
            Pages
            304
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              This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 871069.

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