The majority of students at the country’s higher education institutions are women, and just as many women as men earn doctorates. Yet more than two thirds of professors at Norway’s universities and university colleges are men. How can we understand this persistent gender imbalance? What is it about academia that makes women drop out on the way to the professor level? This book arises from the Research Council of Norway’s BALANSE programme, an initiative to improve gender balance in Norway’s university, university college, and research institute sector. The authors have gathered knowledge and experiences from the projects and present new analyses and perspectives related to gender and academia. The book foregrounds the issue of gender balance and places it in different contexts. The texts include side glances, dilemmas, and new perspectives that will be valuable for researchers, students, and others engaged in questions of gender and education.