Publications
Now showing items 1-80 of 335
EIB Working Paper 2021/12
(2021)
Using macro and firm-level data, this paper investigates the complementarities between investment in different types of tangible assets such as machinery and buildings, and intangible assets such as software, training of ...
Carbon Footprint Report 2020
(2021)
This report provides a comprehensive breakdown of EIB Group greenhouse gas emissions arising from internal operations at head office locations in 2020. It also analyses comparatively against performance in previous years ...
Annual Report 2020 on EIB Activity in Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Overseas Countries and Territories
(2021)
The European Investment Bank is helping African, Caribbean and Pacific countries in parts of society that are sometimes forgotten — young people, women and girls, small companies, rural villages. We are creating opportunities ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/01
(2022)
During the COVID-19 crisis, the European corporate ecosystem avoided major disruptions, and corporate bankruptcy rates even declined. This outcome mostly resulted from the strength of support from monetary, financial ...
The virtuous circle (Volume 7)
(2019)
Imagine an economy in which today’s goods become tomorrow’s resources and nothing is discarded. Ellen MacArthur, the founder of her eponymous foundation, which works to accelerate the transition to a regenerative economy, ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/02 - How to foster climate innovation in the European Union
(2022)
Relying on the EIB Online Survey on Climate Innovations, we investigate the different climate innovations European firms are currently using, their motivations and challenges, and their views on current regulatory frameworks. ...
Funding women entrepreneurs
(2020)
Intervention is needed to improve women-led companies’ access to finance. In a recent study, EIB’s InnovFin Advisory assessed the availability of finance for women-owned and managed companies in Europe as compared to the ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/03 - Employer provided training in Europe
(2020)
This report looks at employer–provided training in Europe. Starting with a brief outline of the economic theory of training, it turns to recent developments by combining data from two employer surveys, the European Investment ...
Stockholm
(2019)
Once upon a time there was a city in a cold place a long way to the north. One day the city started to tell a story about itself. As the chapters unfolded, life in the city changed, and soon it didn’t even seem so cold or ...
EIB Investment Survey 2021 - EU overview
(2021)
This unique insight into the corporate investment landscape in the European Union examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2021 edition delves into the massive shock produced by the COVID-19 ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/03 - Financing and obstacles for high growth enterprises
(2019)
Firms can be identified as high growth, stable or declining. This paper investigates the links between these different phases in the life of a firm, investment activity, financing needs and financing constraints. Using the ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/01 - Towards a new growth model in CESEE
(2021)
The factors behind the pre-crisis growth model of the Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European EU countries (CESEE) region – skilled yet affordable labour force, foreign direct investment, imports of productivity-enhancing ...
EIB Investment Report 2021/2022
(2022)
The massive resources the European Union is unleashing to rebuild after COVID-19 present a unique opportunity to deal with climate change and improve the ability of firms and individuals to compete in a more digital world. ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/06 - Digital technologies and firm performance
(2020)
As the productivity of the European economy shows signs of slowing down, many hopes are pinned on digital technologies to reverse this trend. This study uses data from the EIBIS 2019 survey to examine whether the adoption ...
Who is prepared for the new digital age?
(2020)
In the fight against the Coronavirus, digital technology is playing an unprecedented role in the maintenance of daily life and economic and social activities, as well as the recovery of industries and business activities. ...
Navigating supply chain disruptions
(2024)
Recent crises – such as the pandemic, raw material shortages, maritime transport disruptions and the Ukraine war – have disrupted EU firms’ supply chains and exposed their dependency on foreign imports. This study, conducted ...
The EIB Climate Survey
(2024)
The seventh annual EIB Climate Survey provides valuable insight into how Europeans view the challenges and opportunities of adapting to climate change in 2024. 94% – a strong consensus across the European Union – agree ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: Second half of 2024
(2024)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/01 - Growth and competitiveness in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe: The role of innovation
(2024)
Despite increased innovation capacity, countries in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) face significant challenges threatening their growth and competitiveness, including severe skills shortages, uneven ...
Feeding future generations
(2019)
The food sector is a strategic part of the European economy, but it faces many complex challenges: The sector is afraid of risk Spending on innovation is low The sector does not use technology adequately The financing ...
London
(2018)
Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/11 - Macro-based asset allocation
(2020)
Macro-based asset allocation is based on the identification of turning points in macro-financial cycles. This paper suggests that macro-based asset allocation informed by trends in continuous business and financial cycle ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/04 - Making a difference
(2020)
This paper investigates the impact of intermediated funding provided by the EIB on the performance of SMEs in the EU between 2008 and 2014. Using statistical analysis of firm-level data, it finds that EIB lending had a ...
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe
(2021)
Europe’s COVID-19 recovery strategy calls for large-scale public investment to “building back better.” Municipalities account for 45% of all public investment – which makes them a key partner in recovery efforts. As poles ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/02 - The birth of new high growth enterprises
(2021)
Internationalisation and the adoption of new digital technologies play an important role in the formation of new high growth enterprises. This paper examines this relationship for high growth enterprises in Europe and the ...
European Investment Bank Group Fraud Investigations Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This Fraud Investigations Activity Report covers the activities of the Inspectorate General’s Fraud Investigations Division (IG/IN) in 2019. It provides an overview of the work undertaken by IG/IN to prevent, detect, ...
European Investment Bank Activity Report 2021
(2022)
Our flagship report illustrates how the European Investment Bank Group confronted two great threats in 2021, the climate crisis and the coronavirus pandemic, even as the challenges posed by development grew more urgent. ...
Going green
(2020)
Investments in energy efficiency improvements are vital to ensure Europe’s future as a sustainable, yet prosperous economy. Amid the COVID-19 crisis, however, there is a great risk of losing sight of the benefits of energy ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/03
(2022)
Small and medium-sized firms play a key role in the European economy. This paper uses statistical methods to estimate the effects of EIB financial support on European companies between 2008 and 2015. It shows that the ...
Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021
(2021)
Taking an early lead on digitalisation is crucial to Europe’s lasting competitiveness. Our newest digitalisation report sheds light on the state of digitalisation in European countries: The adoption of digital technologies ...
The EIB Circular Economy Guide
(2020)
The EIB Circular Economy Guide aims to promote a common understanding of circular economy, and raise awareness about and promote circular solutions. The Guide provides information about EIB’s lending and advisory activities ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/01 - Blockchain, FinTechs and their relevance for international financial institutions (Volume 2019/1)
(2019)
This paper provides an introduction to financial technology and blockchain, while exploring:
the impact of FinTechs and TechFins on the financial sector,
a description of blockchain technology and its applications, with ...
The genome e-volution (Volume 12)
(2020)
“We have made great progress, but we are still vulnerable and our common commitment to fight global health challenges is not yet strong enough. Despite our knowledge, despite new technologies, without concentrated and ...
Burgas
(2019)
Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and fresh grilled fish at one ...
Regional Cohesion in Europe 2020-2021
(2021)
EU Cohesion Policy aims to strengthen economic, social and territorial cohesion across the European Union and to correct imbalances between countries and regions. The green and digital transition are key priorities of ...
I have a dream (Volume 8)
(2019)
All athletes experience setbacks. But to have your limbs - the very tools you use to practice your sport - taken away by an illness at a young age is a setback that many would never overcome. Bebe Vio never gave up her ...
On Water (Volume 1)
(2019)
When taking a drink is as easy as turning a tap, it is easy to forget that our water supply is fragile and that hundreds of millions of people do not have clean drinking water or proper sanitation.The human impact on our ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits
(2019)
Energy audits are key to increase investments in energy efficiency
This paper assesses the effectiveness of policy interventions in promoting energy audits by relying on evidence from a unique experiment.
The findings of ...
The EIB Climate Survey 2019-2020
(2020)
The European Investment Bank has launched a large scale survey across Europe, China and the US.
Goal of the survey was to find out about:
Citizens’ perception about the extent of climate change
Citizens’ individual ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/08 - EIB Group Survey on Investment and Investment Finance
(2020)
Providing a technical analysis of the data quality of the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS), this paper finds that the chosen sampling framework captures the business population of interest well and that there is little evidence ...
From starting to scaling
(2020)
High growth startups are widely recognized as key sources of employment, productivity growth and innovation. However, while the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on startups remains to be seen, many now face greater ...
Climate financing in Latin America and the Caribbean
(2024)
In this publication, we provide an overview of climate risks in Latin America and Caribbean countries, using the European Investment Bank’s country climate risk scores. This is followed by an assessment of the region’s ...
Priorities for prosperity
(2024)
Citizens and businesses expect Europe to support investments for the future. Investments that improve lives. Investments that reinforce security and offer new opportunities. In 2024, the EIB Group unveiled a Strategic ...
EIB Financial Report 2019
(2020)
In 2019, the Bank’s lending signatures amounted to EUR 63.3 billion.
This report includes the 2019 financial statements and audit report both for the EIB and the EIB Group.
EIB Group Carbon Footprint Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group has been measuring and managing the environmental impact of its operations since 2007. In that time we have grown to meet the needs of European citizens (and beyond) by providing sustainable finance to tackle ...
EIB Complaints Mechanism Report 2019
(2020)
The Complaints Mechanism report offers an overview of its actions in 2019. The main role of the Complaints Mechanism (EIB-CM) is to listen to citizens’ concerns about an EIB Group project or activity, which can be about a ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/08 - Do capacity constraints trigger high growth for enterprises?
(2021)
High-Growth Enterprises have a large economic impact, but it is notoriously hard to predict when firms will experience episodes of high growth. This paper proposes that firms reaching critically high capacity utilisation ...
Climate Solutions
(2019)
Climate change is the biggest threat humanity faces. So big, in fact, that it is sometimes hard to know what each of us, as individuals, can do to counter it. Climate Solutions details the challenges, lays out the solutions ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/09 - Investment vs debt trade-offs in the post-COVID-19 European economy
(2020)
This paper estimates the revenues lost by European firms during the COVID-19 crisis, taking into account different scenarios regarding policy support and the length of the crisis. It examines the likely effect of such ...
Global Solutions, International Partnerships
(2021)
The climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic remind us that we cannot face down our challenges alone—our solutions must be global. The European Investment Bank is at the heart of the push to turn EU policy initiatives into ...
EIBIS 2020 - EU overview
(2020)
The EIB Investment Survey gathers unique insights on the corporate investment landscape in the European Union. It is an essential tool that outlines companies' needs for finance and the constraints that prevent them from ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/02 - How energy audits promote SMEs’ energy efficiency investment (Volume 2019/2)
(2019)
Energy audits play an important role in promoting energy-efficiency measures in SMEs. This paper uses EIB Investment Survey data about energy audits and energy-efficiency investments of some 12,500 signatures from EU28 ...
Investment Report 2021/2022 — Key Findings
(2022)
The massive resources the European Union is unleashing to rebuild after COVID-19 present a unique opportunity to deal with climate change and improve the ability of firms and individuals to compete in a more digital world. ...
The eastern horizon
(2020)
Countries and regions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have gone through several challenges. They went through totalitarian and authoritarian communist regimes, gained independence at the end of the 19th century, faced ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/05 - The impact of bank loan terms on intangible investment in Europe
(2021)
Using EIBIS data, this paper investigates the effects of different loan conditions on firms’ propensity to invest in intangible assets. When firms face restriction in how much they can borrow, this has a strong effect on ...
The EIB in the city
(2019)
"City, transformed" has shown how Europe’s cities have developed over the last 50 years. The European Investment Bank has adapted alongside them, building a greater, more focused role in urban development that takes it ...
European Investment Bank Activity Report 2020
(2021)
Our flagship report highlights the European Investment Bank’s key contribution to combatting the COVID-19, climate change and development challenges that dominated 2020. It tells the stories of our crisis solutions.
...
Annual Report 2019 on EIB Activity in Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Overseas Countries and Territories
(2020)
Let us introduce you to some of the people who are helping to make a difference and improve lives across sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and the Overseas Countries and Territories. We speak to a greengrocer ...
EIB Operations Inside the European Union 2019
(2020)
Every year, the EIB takes a hard look at the work we do across Europe. We want to see if we are meeting goals for innovation, small businesses and the climate. We want to be sure that our projects are making a big difference ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/09 - Market finance as a spare tyre? Corporate investment and access to bank credit in Europe
(2021)
We estimate a FAVAR with Bayesian techniques in order to investigate the impact of loan supply conditions on euro area corporate investment and its financing structure. We identify shocks to overall demand and loan supply ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/05 - Financing constraints and employers’ investment in training (Volume 2020/5)
(2020)
Using a representative sample of European firms, this paper studies whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers’ decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/07 - Can European businesses achieve productivity gains from investments in energy efficiency?
(2021)
When they consider investing in energy efficiency measures many firms focus only on direct energy savings and do not consider non-energy benefits that include increased labour productivity. To date, due to lack of high-quality ...
Why are women entrepreneurs missing out on funding?
(2020)
The study assesses the access-to-risk-capital conditions for women-driven companies in Europe in comparison to the US and Israel to contextualise emergent cross-country and regional barriers and gaps. The study finds that ...
The EIB COVID-19 Economic Vulnerability Index - An analysis of countries outside the European Union
(2020)
Which countries are most vulnerable to a virus such as COVID-19? Which countries should take the most stringent precautions to prevent the spread of such a virus? The EIB COVID-19 Economic Vulnerability Index covers countries ...
The story of your city (Volume 1)
(2018)
By the end of this century, 9 out of 10 Europeans will live in an urban area. But what kind of city will they call home? You'll find all the answers in CITY, TRANSFORMED, the new essay series from the European Investment ...
Don't fear AI (Volume 2)
(2019)
Over the last decade, Europe and most advanced economies have experienced a decline in productivity, leading to political unrest and rising uncertainty about the future. A new production revolution, enabled in part by ...
Banking in Africa
(2020)
In its fifth edition, this report focuses on recent developments in Africa’s banking sectors and the policy options for all stakeholders. The study of banking sectors across all African sub-regions includes the results of ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/11 - A structural analysis of foreign exchange markets in sub-Saharan Africa
(2022)
"Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have liberalised their foreign exchange markets and capital accounts, and have moved to more flexible exchange rates, in recent decades. In this context, the interaction between ...
Togetherness
(2020)
Europe’s cultural heritage is a vast, multifaceted mosaic showing who we were, who we are and who we aspire to be. We are all responsible for this huge, precious and fragile legacy.
The coronavirus pandemic revealed that ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/09 - The impact of international financial institutions on small and medium enterprises
(2019)
IFIs provide funding for SMEs, but what impact does this actually have on these firms? This working paper assesses the impact of funding by the EIB on the performance of more than 5,000 SMEs in eight countries in Central ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/04 - Aggregate productivity slowdown in Europe
(2021)
Using firm balance sheet data, this paper shows the impact of credit constraints on allocative efficiency and productivity growth. Allocative efficiency is the extent to which resources, including labour, are distributed ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don’t like about bank loans
(2019)
We use the association between non-financial firms and their banks, an information available in the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS), to disentangle the effects of borrowers’ and lenders’ financial weakness ...
EIB Complaints Mechanism Report 2020
(2021)
Any concerns about an EIB Group activity or project? The Complaints Mechanism listens to citizens and ensures their voice can be heard. Have a look at its Activity Report for 2020. 2020 was a particularly challenging year ...
EIB Group Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This report tracks the green thread that runs through the European Investment Bank Group’s work in 2019, specifically action to fight climate change. Climate action has long been a significant factor in the Bank’s work. ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe
(2019)
Labour markets are undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses ...
A bright future (Volume 6)
(2019)
There is good news and bad news in the renewable energy industry. We have made a lot of progress in green energy over the past few years as technologies have improved and the costs of production have fallen. But we are not ...
Food for change (Volume 9)
(2019)
Massimo Bottura is more than a Michelin star-winning chef. Together with Lara Gilmore, he also founded Food for Soul, a non-profit organisation seeking to reduce food waste through social inclusion and mitigate the carbon ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group 2019 Sustainability Report provides an overview of the European Investment Bank Group’s operations and impact as they relate to our objective to support smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in a challenging ...
Africa’s digital solutions to tackle COVID-19
(2020)
African countries are using technology in many new ways to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This report highlights some of the best digital solutions and estimates the investments required to implement the technology on a ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2020
(2021)
Supporting sustainable and inclusive growth is at the heart of the EIB Group’s lending. The EIB Group 2020 Sustainability Report looks at the impact of our global activities and our own corporate responsibility efforts. ...